ARTA MIDTERM

• Principles of Design


  Visual strategies used by artists, in conjunction with the elements of arts — for expressive purposes
• Principles of Design


  • Draw and hold the viewer's eye on certain parts of a work
  • Bring visual stability
  • Add visual interest to a composition
  • Convey a sense of orderly progression
• How we apply the principles of design determines how successful we are in creating a work of art
• Harmony


  In visual design means all parts of the visual image relate to and complement each other
• Harmony


  • Use of related elements like similar colors, shapes, sizes of objects
  • It's about repetition and a relationship between elements
  • Creates a sense of connection between the objects, creating a sense of flow
  • One of the most important aspects when it comes to principles of art
• Rhythm


  Organized movement, a beat, a repetition
• Rhythm


  • Created by repetition, and repetitive patterns convey a sense of movement
  • Viewer perceives rhythm by grouping elements such as color, line and shape
• Regular Repetition


  A means of creating rhythm in which elements of a composition are duplicated at orderly or fixed intervals
• Regular repetition was a core property of Minimalist artists, of which Flavin was one
• Minimalism


  An abstract art movement begun in the 1960s that emphasizes the use of pure and simple shapes and materials
• Alternating Rhythm


  A type of rhythm in which different elements in a work repeat themselves in predictable order
• Progressive Rhythm


  Minor variations in rhythm can add interest to a composition
• Balance


  The concept of visual equilibrium, and relates to our physical sense of balance
• Balance


  • It is a reconciliation of opposing forces in a composition that results in visual stability
  • Most successful compositions achieve balance in one of two ways: symmetrically or asymmetrically
• Symmetrical Balance


  The type of balance in which the elements of a work are balanced by similarity of form or arrangement on either side of a dividing line or plane, or to correspondence of parts, as in size, shape, or position
• Asymmetrical Balance


  The type of balance in which there are more than slight differences between the divided areas of a work, yet there is an overall sense of balance
• RADIAL BALANCE 

  is when objects are distributed all around a central point 

  —----------------------------------------------------
• —---------------------------------------------------- Symmetrical balance can be described as having equal "weight" on equal sides of a centrally placed fulcrum. 

  • It may also be referred to as formal balance 
• When the elements are arranged equally on either side of a central axis, the result is Bilateral symmetry. 

  • This axis may be horizontal or vertical. 
• EMPHASIS 

  ➢ “All emphasis is no emphasis” ➢ is an extension of these first two principles: it is when contrast, 

  placement, size, color, or other 

  features are used to highlight one object, area, or other elements of the artwork. 
• Variety is a sense of the difference between elements of an artwork – the opposite of unity, or harmony. 
• CONTRAST 

  ➢ is the disparity between the elements that figure into the 

  composition. 
• ➢ Images on a rock surface by 

  carving, negraving, etc. 

  ➢ Cupules: cup-shaped depressions in rock; believed fertility rites 

  ➢ pimple-like 
• PICTOGRAPHS 

  ➢ Drawing, stencil art and painting in prehistoric caves 

  ➢ Theories: decorative, perhaps in connection with social, supernatural or religious rituals
•  PREHISTORIC SCULPTURE 

  Relief sculptures (nakadikit sa wall) & small portable art; included small female sculptures 

  ● Venine figurines: 

  term given to a collection of 

  prehistoric statuettes of women made during the Paleolithic Period, mostly found in Europe, but with 

  finds as far as Siberia. 

  ● Relief Sculpture: 

  • work which projects from but which belongs to the wall, or other type of background surface, on 

  which it’s carved 
• VENUS OF LAUSSEL 

  ➢ Fertility symbolism 

  ➢ One of Earliest relief sculptures
• VENUS BEREKAT RAM 

  ancient sculpture is considered one of the earliest known 

  representations of the human 

  form. 

   one of the earliest known 

  representations of the human 

  form. 
• MEGALITHIC ART 

  ➢ Large, often undressed stone 

  ➢ Construction of various type of monuments, during 4500-1000 BCE ➢ Also called petroforms 
• THREE PERIODS OF STONE AGE PALEOLITHIC – the late years of the old Stone Age. 

  ➢ 32,000 - 8,000 BCE 

  ➢ “Paleo” = old, “lithos” = stone 2. MESOLITHIC – Middle Stone Age. ➢ 8000-3000 BCE 

  ➢ Meso = middle 

  • 3. NEOLITHIC New Stone Age. ➢ 3000-1,500 BCE 

  ➢ Neo = new 
• STONE AGE witnessed how humans were able to lead more stable lives and eventually come up with permanent shelters and tools for survival. 
• Paleolithic Art 

  • is a product of climate change. ➢ Caves became protective havens for the early humans 
• Paleolithic Miniature Art 

  ● Portable therefore indicates a nomadic lifestyle 

  • ● Subject Matter 3D Animals and people, ornamental tools 

  ● Media - bone, ivory, stone, wood, leather 
• Paleolithic Mural Art 

  Permanent and Colorful 

  • Subject matter: NAturalistic 

  animals
• (KING) NARMER PALETTE It was a palette that utilized and applied dark colors around King 

  Narmer’s eyes.
• palette  symbol that commemorates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. 
• • GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA -served as tombs since their main purpose was to provide a resting place for the pharaohs. 

  ➢ 45,000yr old 
• QUEEN NEFERTITI -  the great royal wife of KING AKHENATEN ancient Egypt's most famous queen – as the iconic bust in the Berlin Museum
• KING TUTANKHAMEN 

  He became king at a very young age and died at the age of 18-19. coffin was made out of solid gold.
• most advanced city-states established the world’s first democratic government. 

  ● The best known city-states were: - → ATHENS and SPARTA 
• Greek and Romans Civilizations where also known as Classical World