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Cards (24)
Surface Tension
Net pull of liquid molecules on the
surface
Stronger
intermolecular forces
Greater
the
surface tension
Liquid has
higher
surface tension
Viscosity
Measure of liquid's consistency or resistance to flow
Viscosity becomes high
When flow becomes
slow
due to
tight
intermolecular
forces
Vapor Pressure
The pressure exerted by a
vapor
in a
closed
container
Vapor pressure
Some molecules of a liquid escape into the gas phase on top of liquid which is called
vapor
Volatile
Liquids
that are readily converted into
gasses
Volatile liquids
Have
weaker
intermolecular forces
Increased temperature
Increased
vapor pressure
Boiling Point
The temperature where
liquid
starts to be converted into
gas
Boiling Point
Enough energy must be supplied to disrupt
intermolecular
forces
Molar Heat of Vaporization
Energy
needed to be supplied to convert liquid to without
varying
temperature
Crystalline
Solids
Made up of
highly
ordered particles with a
well-defined
pattern
Sharp
melting points
Crystalline Solids
NaCl, ruby, emerald
ray
Diffraction
Process of
diffraction
or scattering
x-rays
on a crystal sample
Unit Cell
Well-ordered articles that represent the characteristics of the crystals
Conforms a certain
crystal lattice
Amorphous Solids
Consists of different particles that lack a definite order
Melt
within a temperature range and
shatter
into irregularly-shaped patterns
Amorphous Solids
glass,
rubber
,
cotton candy
Spontaneous
Reaction
Occurs on its own
without
intervention of an
external
force
Spontaneous Reaction
Rust
- Iron turns to
rust
when exposed to oxygen
Non-Spontaneous Reaction
Occurs in the
presence
of an outside
intervention
Non-Spontaneous
Reaction
Converting
rust
into iron metal and
oxygen
gas
Entropy
A thermodynamics quantity of randomness or
disorder
of particles
Number of possible
arrangements
for a given quantity of
particles