CHN 312 - Midterm

• In community health nursing, community is a primary client for two reasons: 1. The community has a direct influence on the health of the individual, families and sub-populations. 2. It is at this level that most health services provision occurs.
• The hallmark of community health nursing in the public health nursing, it is a population focused.
• Nursing Process


  A systematic, scientific, dynamic and on-going intrapersonal process in which the nurses and clients are viewed as a system with each affecting the other and both being affected by the factors within the behavior.
• Steps of Nursing Process

  1. Assessment

  2. Diagnosis

  3. Planning

  4. Implementation

  5. Evaluation
• Community Assessment


  An essential process for understanding the community, identifying its needs, weaknesses, assets, strengths that is useful to achieve health in communities.
• Community health assessment is otherwise termed as community health needs assessment, which refers to a state, tribal, local or barangay health assessment that identify key, health needs, and issues through systematic and comprehensive data collection and data analysis.
• Data sources for community assessment

  • Primary data
  • Secondary data
• Primary data


  The community itself is the primary source data. It is the data that haven't been gathered before and are collected by the nurses through observation (ocular/windshield survey), survey, informative interview, community forum, and focused group discussions.
• Community Assessment approach


  1. Comprehensive - Gathers informations on the entire community

  2. Problem-oriented - Focuses on a particular aspect of health
• Ocular/Windshield Survey


  Rapid observations of a community and performed either by walking, driving or riding on a vehicle. It observes people, environmental conditions and existing facilities.
• Participant Observation


  A purposeful observation of formal and informal community activities. It observes values, beliefs, norms, priorities, concerns and power of influence is structured.
• Survey


  A series of questions for systematic collection of information from a sample of individuals from a community.
• Informant Interview


  Purposeful talks with either key informants or ordinary of the community. It consists of formal and informal community leaders or person in the community.
• Community Forum

  Open meeting of the members of the community.
• Focus Groups

  Much smaller groups made up of 6-12 members of the community only. It differs from community forum because it is homogeneous - persons with similar, sociocultural, health conditions, or needs of specific groups.
• Secondary data sources are taken from existing data sources. It means there has been data gathered from other group or entity.
• Live Birth


  Complete expulsion/extraction from mother of a product of conception, regardless of duration of pregnancy; after such separation, breathes or with evidence of life.
• Death


  Is a permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at any time after live birth has taken place.
• Guidelines in the classification of data: 1. Reckoning of Vital Events - All vital events are registered and reported by place of occurrence, not by place of residence. 2. Reckoning of Age - Age is recorded as of last birthday. 3. Neonatal Death - In the first day of life (day zero), age at death should be recorded in units of completed minutes or hours of life. For the succeeding days until the 27th completed days of life, age at death should be recorded in days.
• Field Health Services Information System (FHSIS)


  The official recording and reporting system of the NSCB to generate health statistics. It is an essential tool in monitoring the health status of the population at different levels.
• Individual Treatment Record (ITR)

  The fundamental building block of FHSIS. The record contains the date, name, address of patient, presenting symptoms or complain of the patient on consultation and the diagnosis (if available), treatment and date of treatment.
• Target/Client Lists (TCLs)


  The second building block of the FHSIS. These services records have the following purposes: To plan and carry out patient care and service deliver, to facilitate monitoring and supervision of service delivery activities, to report services delivered, and to provide a clinic-level database that can be accessed for further studies.
• Summary Table


  A 12-column table in which columns correspond to the 12 months of the year. It is supposed to be updated on a monthly basis and has two components: Health Program Accomplishment and Morbidity/Disease.
• Monthly Consolidation Table (MCT)


  Accomplished by the nurse based on the summary table. It serves as the source document for the quarterly form and the output table of the RHU or health center.
• Reporting Forms


  • Monthly Forms (Program Report M1, Morbidity Report M2)
  • Quarterly Forms (Program Report Q1, Morbidity Report Q2)
  • Annual Forms (A-BHS, A-1, A-2, A-3)
  • Upon Occurrence (E-1 Notification of Death, E-2 Maternal Death Report, E-3 Perinatal Death Report)
  • Weekly (Weekly Report of Notifiable Disease)
• Disease Registry


  A listing of persons diagnosed with a specific type of disease in a defined population. Data collected through disease registries serve as a basis for monitoring decision making and program management.
• The census population consists of: Filipino Nationals, to include those residing in and out of the Philippines, and Nationals of Other Countries, having their usual residence in the Philippines.
• The Department of Health has developed and maintained registries for HIV / AIDS and chronic non-communicable disease, particularly cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and stroke.
• Census Data


  A periodic governmental enumeration of the population that provides for a national census of population and other related data in the Philippines every 10 years.
• Philippine Statistical System


  The central statistical authority of the Philippine government that collects, compiles, analyzes and publishes statistical information on economic, social, demographic, political affairs and general affairs of the people of the Philippines and enforces the civil registration functions in the country.
• National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)


  The policy-making and coordinating body of the PSS. NSO is the PSS arm that generates general purpose statistics: population, employment, process and family income/expenditures.
• The Philippine Statistics Authority conducts the national census using the de jure method.
• Methods to present data are to inform health teams and members, and to make members of community appreciate the data.
• The Philippine Statistical System (PSS) provides statistical information and services to the public
• The PSS is the central statistical authority of the Philippine government that collects, compiles, analyzes and publishes statistical information on economic, social, demographic, political affairs and general affairs of the people of the Philippines and enforces the civil registration functions in the country
• National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)


  The policy-making and coordinating body of the PSS. NSO is the PSS arm that generates general purpose statistics: population, employment, process and family income/expenditures
• Philippine Statistics Authority


  Conducts the national census using the de jure method
• Methods to Present Data

  • Inform health teams and members
  • Make member if community appreciate the significance of health information in their lives
  • Solicit broader support
  • Validate findings
• Types of Graphs


  • Bar Graph - To compare values across different categories of data
  • Line-Graph - Visual image of trends in data over time or age
  • Pie-Chart - Show percentage distribution or show composition
  • Scatter plot or Diagram - Show correlation between two variables