KT2: 1500-1700

• When did Henry VIII split from the Catholic Church?

  1534
• How many Protestants did Mary I burn at the stake?

  283
• When did the Pope encourage English Catholics to disobey Elizabeth I?

  1570
• Why did vagabonds become more prevalent?

  The population rose and so did poverty and unemployment
• Why were authorities harsh towards vagabonds?

  They thought they were lazy
• When was the Vagabonds and Beggars Act?

  1494
• What was the punishment for vagrancy under the 1494 Vagabonds and Beggars Act?

  The stocks, then being sent back to their birthplace
• When was the Vagrancy Act?

  1547
• When was the punishment for Vagrancy under the Vagrancy Act?

  Being branded and sold as slaves
• When was the Act for the Relief of the Poor?

  1597
• What was entailed within the Act for the Relief of the Poor?

  The poor were split into Deserving and Undeserving poor
• When were the Poor Laws?

  1601
• What was entailed within the Poor Laws?

  Deserving poor would be aided while undeserving poor would be whipped
• Why was smuggling a social crime?

  People benefitted from the lower prices on smuggled goods
• What was enclosure?

  The privatisation of common land
• Why did poaching have a resurgence during this time?

  Enclosure reduced the land available for hunting
• What was the punishment for poaching?

  Capital punishment
• When was the Witchcraft Act?

  1541
• Why was witchcraft not punishable by death in the Medieval Era?

  It was dealt with by the Church Courts
• What did the Witchcraft Act entail?

  Destructive acts of witchcraft were a capital offence whereas helpful acts were not
• When was the 1541 Witchcraft Act repealed?

  1547
• Who repealed the Witchcraft Act?

  Edward VI
• When was the Act Against Conjurations, Enchantments and Witchcrafts?

  1562
• How did the Act Against Conjurations, Enchantments and Witchcrafts punish witchcraft?

  Minor offences punished by jail and humiliation but major offences were capital offences
• When did James I pass his own Witchcraft Act?

  1603
• What was entailed within James I's Witchcraft Act?

  Anyone suspected of invoking evil spirits would be punished
• Did parish constables continue to exist?

  Yes
• What was a Parish Constable's responsibility?

  Raise the hue and cry
• What roles did JPs oversee?

  Town constables and town watchmen
• Who were town watchmen?

  Men who patrolled streets at night with a lamp, bell and a weapon
• How did you become a town watchman?

  It was voluntary but each male householder was expected to take their turn
• Why was the role of town watchman not taken seriously?

  It was unpaid
• How did Henry VII punish those who tried and failed to claim the benefit of the clergy?

  Their thumb was branded so they could not try again
• When did Henry VII make changes to the benefit of the clergy?

  1488
• When did Henry VIII make certain crimes unclergyable?

  1512
• What crimes became unclergyable?

  Murder
• What was a secular court?

  A non-religious court
• When did every crime have to be tried in a secular court?

  1575
• Which monarch changed the law so that every crime had to be tried in a secular court?

  Elizabeth I
• How did benefit of the clergy work after the dissolution of church courts?

  It would give them a more lenient punishment