pe paper 1

• name 5 key functions of the skeletal system

  • production of red blood cells
• name 5 key functions of the skeletal system

  • the production of red blood cells , storage of minerals , protection of vital organs , muscle attachment, formation of joints for movement.
• what following types of blood cell are produced in the bone marrow ?


  platelets - that helps clotting when you get cut , redblood cells - that transport oxygen to the working muscles , white blood cells - that help fight of infection
• what minerals are stored in the bones?

  . calcium and phosphorus
• give 2 examples of bones that protect your vital organs

  . the skull protecting your brain and your ribs protecting your lungs.
• how to the bones aid movement?

  the bones provide a place for the muscles to ATTACH to , so that when they contract they PULL the bones to cause movement
• what do long bones do?

  long bones aid movement by working as levers
• what do short bones do?

  short bones are weight bearing and provide support
• give two examples of long bones?

  the femur , the humerus
• name 2 short bones

  the carpels , the tarsels
• what is the function of a flat bone?

  flat bones provide Protection and broad surface for muscles to attach to
• what is the function of a irregular bone?

  provide protection and a place for muscles to attach to
• 3 example of flat bones

  the cranuim(head) , the ribs , the scapular
• an example of a irregular bone

  the vertebrae (tail thingy)
• what are the 5 vertebral column

  . cervical , thoracic , lumbar , sacrum , coccyx
• how many bones meet at a joint ?

  two or more
• name 3 hinge joints?

  knee , elbow, ankle
• name the movement of the hinge joints

  flexion and extension
• name two examples of a ball and socket joint

  hip and shoulder
• what are the movements of the ball and socket joint

  flextion , extension , rotation , circulation , rotation circumduction , abduction , aduction ( basically all)
• name a pivot joint

  neck
• what movement happens at the neck(pivot joint)

  rotation
• where is the condyloid joint located

  . the wrist
• whats definition of extension 


  extension is the term given when the angle at the joint increases
• what is definition of flexion?

  . when the angle of the joint decreases
• what is abduction


  the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
• what is adduction

  the movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
• what is rotation

  the movement of a joint around its own axis (your arm doing a 360) rotation also allows the largest range of movement
• what is circumduction


  the movement of a "cone" shape . eg the arms going round at the shoulder
• what is plantar flexion?


  the movement of the foot , when the toes point to make the move look more pleasing
• what is dorsi-flexion?


  movement at the ankle joint , when the foot flexes and points up.
• 3 properties of fast Twitch type I

  produce low force , high endurance , good for long distance running
• 3 properties of fat twitch type iia

  Produce high force , medium endurance food for 400 metre sprints
• 3 properties of fast twitch type iix

  Produce very high force , low endurance , good for 100m sprint
• 3 propaties of capillaries

  Allow gas exchange , one cell thick walls , carry blood at a very low pressure
• 3 properties of arteries

  Thick muscular cell walls, carry blood at a very high pressure away from the heart(A for a away) , small lumen
• 3 properties of veins

  thin walls , contain valves , large lumen
• What is vascular shunting ?

  Blood is diverted from inactive muscles to the working muscles that need it most
• what’s vasoconstriction


  When blood vessels constrict To make them smaller to allow less blood to go that area and rather to the working muscles that need it most
• Vasodilation 


  When blood vessels get bigger to allow more blood flow to active muscles