respiration

• stages of aerobic respiration

  glycolysis

  link reaction

  krebs cycle

  oxidative phosphorylation
• where does glycolysis occur

  in the cytoplasm
• products of glycolysis:

  • 2 pyruvate
  • 2 NADH
  • overall yield of 2 ATP
• where does link reaction occur:

  in the mitochondrial matrix
• link reaction:

  • pyruvate is oxidised to acetate (forms NADH)
  • acetate combines with coenzyme A to produce acetyl coenzyme A
• products of link reaction:

  • 2 acetyl coenzyme A
  • 2 CO2 is released
  • 2 NADH
• krebs cycle:

  • acetyl coenzyme A combines with 4 carbon molecule to form 6 carbon molecule
  • releases coenzyme A
  • undergoes a series of redox reactions
• where does krebs cycle occur:

  in the mitochondrial matrix
• products of krebs cycle

  • 4 CO2 released
  • 2 reduced FAD
  • 6 reduced NAD
  • 2 ATP
• where does oxidative phosphorylation occur:

  in the mitochondrial inner membrane-cristae
• oxidative phosphorylation:

  • electrons pass along the electron transfer chain (releases energy)
  • electrons + protons + oxygen forms water at the final electron acceptor
  • transports protons to intermembrane space - forms a electrochemical gradient
  • facilitated diffusion occurs through ATP synthase - catalyses phosphorylation to form ATP
• where does anaerobic respiration occur

  in the cytoplasm
• products formed in plants & microbes (anaerobic respiration)

  pyruvate is reduced to form ethanol and carbon dioxide
• products formed in animals (anaerobic respiration)

  pyruvate is reduced to form lactate
• glycolysis MS

  • Phosphorylation of glucose using ATP;
  • Oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate;
  • Net gain of ATP; 2 ATP overall gained
  • NAD reduced;