Miss Estruch

Cards (104)

  • What are the components of DNA nucleotides?
    Deoxyribose, phosphate group, nitrogenous bases
  • How is eukaryotic DNA different from prokaryotic DNA?
    Eukaryotic DNA is longer and linear
  • What is the shape of prokaryotic DNA?
    Circular
  • What are histones associated with?
    Eukaryotic DNA
  • What forms a chromosome in eukaryotic cells?
    DNA associated with histones
  • What type of DNA is found in mitochondria and chloroplasts?
    Similar to prokaryotic DNA
  • What is a gene?
    A base sequence of DNA coding for proteins
  • What is the locus of a gene?
    The fixed position on a chromosome
  • What is a triplet in DNA?
    A sequence of three DNA bases
  • What are the three features of the genetic code?
    Degenerate, universal, non-overlapping
  • Why is the genetic code considered degenerate?
    More combinations than amino acids exist
  • How many combinations can three DNA bases create?
    64 combinations
  • What does it mean if a mutation is a substitution mutation?
    One base is swapped for another
  • What does universal mean in the context of the genetic code?
    Same triplet codes for the same amino acid
  • What is a codon?
    Three bases on mRNA coding for an amino acid
  • What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?
    Brings specific amino acids to ribosomes
  • What is the function of RNA polymerase?
    Catalyzes the formation of mRNA
  • What happens during transcription?
    mRNA is synthesized from DNA template
  • What is splicing in mRNA processing?
    Removal of introns from pre-mRNA
  • What is the difference between exons and introns?
    Exons code for proteins; introns do not
  • What is the definition of the genome?
    Complete set of DNA in a cell
  • What is the proteome?
    Full range of proteins a cell can produce
  • What is the role of rRNA?
    Combines with proteins to form ribosomes
  • What is meiosis?
    Cell division creating genetically different gametes
  • What does haploid mean?
    One copy of each chromosome
  • How does meiosis introduce genetic variation?
    Through independent segregation and crossing over
  • What are homologous chromosomes?
    Chromosomes with the same genes
  • What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?
    Diploid has two copies; haploid has one
  • How does crossing over contribute to genetic diversity?
    It exchanges genetic material between homologous chromosomes
  • What does haploid mean in terms of chromosomes?
    One copy of each chromosome
  • What is the haploid number for humans?
    23
  • What does diploid mean in terms of chromosomes?
    Two copies of every chromosome
  • What is the diploid number for humans?
    46
  • What are the two processes that introduce genetic variation in meiosis?
    Independent segregation and crossing over
  • What happens during independent segregation in meiosis?
    Homologous pairs line up randomly at the equator
  • Why does the random alignment of chromosomes matter in meiosis?
    It determines the genetic makeup of gametes
  • How many different gametes can humans produce due to independent segregation?
    Over 8 million
  • What is crossing over in meiosis?
    Exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids
  • What is a bivalent in meiosis?
    Homologous pairs lined up at the equator
  • What is a chiasma?
    The point where chromatids cross over