dispensing

• Dispensing


  The process of preparing and giving medicine to a named person based on a prescription
• Dispensing


  • Vital elements of rational medication use
  • Correct interpretation of wishes of the prescriber
  • Accurate preparation and labeling of the medicines
• Dispensing based on R.A 10918


  1. Reading

  2. Validating, and interpreting prescriptions

  3. Preparing

  4. Packaging

  5. Labeling

  6. Record keeping

  7. Dose calculations

  8. Counseling or giving information

  
• Rational medication use


  Patients receive medications appropriate to their clinical needs in doses that meet their own individual requirements, for an adequate period of time and the lowest cost to them and their community
• Patient medication counselling


  Providing medication information orally or in written form to other patients or their representatives on directions of use, advice on side effects, precautions, storage, diet, and lifestyle modifications
• Philippine Legislations


  • R.A 10918 (Philippine Pharmacy Act)
  • R.A 6675 (Generics Act of 1988)
  • R.A 8203 (Special Law on Counterfeit Drugs)
  • R.A 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002)
  • R.A 9165 (Expanded Senior Citizen Act of 2010)
  • R.A 9502 (Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008)
  • R.A 10699 (National Athletes and Coaches Benefits and Incentives Acts)
  • R.A 11223 (Universal Health Care Act)
  • R.A 8423 (TAMA Act)
• Drugs


  Pharmaceutical products that pertain to chemical compounds or biological substances, other than food, intended for use in the treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease in the humans or animals
• Over the counter (OTC) Medicines


  Medicines used for symptomatic relief of minor ailments, and which may be dispensed without a prescription
• Pharmacist only OTC Medicines


  Over the counter medicines classified by appropriate government agencies to be obtained only from a licensed pharmacist, with mandatory pharmacists' advice on their selection and proper use
• Conditions that can be treated with Pharmacist only medicine

  • Cramp
  • Eye infections
  • Fungal infections of the toe or finger nails
  • Hayfever or rhinitis
  • Haemorrhoids
  • Mouth ulcers
  • Nausea caused by migraine
  • Skin problems such as itching, rashes, inflamed fungal infections
  • Thrush of the mouth
  • Thrush of the vagina
  • Warts
• Household remedies


  Any preparation containing pharmaceutical substances of common or ordinary use to relieve common physical ailments, and which may be dispensed without a medical prescription in original packages, bottles, or containers, of which the nomenclature has been duly approved by the FDA
• Oral rehydration solution


  6 level teaspoons of Sugar, Half level teaspoon of Salt, and 1 liter of water
• Food Supplements


  Processed food products intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one (1) or more of the following dietary ingredients: vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other botanicals, amino acids, and dietary substances to increase the total daily intake in amounts conforming to the latest Philippine-recommended energy and nutrient intakes or internationally agreed minimum daily requirements
• Cosmetics


  Substances or preparations intended to be placed in contact with the various external parts of the human body or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, with a view exclusively or mainly to cleaning them, perfuming them, changing their appearance and/or correcting body odor, and/or protecting the body or keeping them in good condition
• Medicines


  Drugs in their appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality, safety and efficacy for humans or animals, or both
• Food/Dietary Supplements


  Processed food products intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one (1) or more of the following dietary ingredients: vitamins, minerals, herbs, or other botanicals, amino acids, and dietary substances to increase the total daily intake in amounts conforming to the latest Philippine-recommended energy and nutrient intakes or internationally agreed minimum daily requirements
• Health Supplement


  Any product that is used to maintain, enhance and improve the healthy function of the human body and contains one (1) or more or a combination of the following: (1) herbal fatty adds, enzymes, probiotics, and other bioactive substances; and (2) substances derived from natural sources, inducing animal, plant, mineral, and botanical materials in the form of extracts, isolates, concentrates, metabolites, synthetic sources of substances mentioned in (1) and (2)
• Generic Name


  The scientifically and internationally recognized name of the active ingredients, as approved by the FDA pursuant to Republic Act No. 6675 otherwise known as the "Generics Act of 1988"
• Brand Name


  The proprietary name given by the manufacturer to distinguish its product from those of competitors
• Compounding


  The sum of processes performed by a pharmacist in drug preparation including the calculations, mixing, assembling, packaging, or labeling of a drug: (i) as the result of a prescription or drug order by a physician, dentist, or veterinarian; or (ii) for the purpose of, or in relation to, research, teaching, on chemical analysis
• Filling


  The act of dispensing or providing medicines in accordance with a prescription or medication order
• Refilling of a Prescription

  The act of dispensing the remaining balance of medicines ordered in the prescription
• Prescription


  Means of communication of the Prescriber to the pharmacist about the desired treatment regimen of the patient, used in outpatient or ambulatory settings
• Medication order


  Means of communication of the Prescriber to the pharmacist about the desired treatment regimen of the patient, used in inpatient or institutionalized settings
• Forms of prescriptions and medication orders

  • Handwritten
  • Typed
  • Computerized
  • Preprinted
  • Verbal (for emergency cases only, but must be written afterwards)
  • Entered into a computer program
• Other information that are necessary in any prescription or medication order, but on special case basis


  • S2 license number or DEA (drug enforcement administration) number
  • Allowable refills (for some countries)
  • Diagnosis or present working impression (PWI)
• Patient Medication Profile (PMP)


  A record of information about a patient's drug therapy that contributes to better patient care and the pharmacist's efficient performance of his/her professional responsibilities
• Some hospitals follow the 24-hour format for dosing, with OD doses given at 0800H, HS doses at 2100H, Q12 from 0600H-1800H, and Q8 from 0800H-1600H-2400H. All standing medication is given at 0800H.
• If a drug is not given, the nurse usually writes NG. If the drug is not available, the nurse usually writes N/A.
• Information recorded in a Community Patient Medication Profile (R.A. 10918 Section 37)

  • Name and address of the patient
  • Name of prescriber
  • Generic name and brand
  • Dosage strength
  • Quantity of drug
  • Initials of pharmacist
• The Community Patient Medication Profile must be kept for a period of not less than two (2) years after the last entry and is open for inspection by representatives of the board or the FDA.
• Parts of a typical Hospital Patient Medication Profile


  • Patient demographics (Name, age, gender, address/ ward or room no/ hospital no, height, weight)
  • Allergy history
  • Diagnosis or present working impression (PWI)
  • Medication orders/ Profile
• Types of Medication Orders


  • Standing Orders/Medications
  • Stat Medication orders
  • Single Orders
  • PRN Order
• Standing Orders/Medications


  An order for a medication that will be given at specific times until it is discontinued by a doctor's order or by default when a facility's policy states that all standing orders are automatically discontinued after 7 days unless the physician has reordered the medication
• Stat Medication orders


  Administered immediately and only once, reserved for highest priority orders or life-threatening situations
• Single Orders


  Given only once but not necessarily immediately, such as medications given prior to surgery (premeds)
• PRN Order


  Indicates that the ordered medication is only given when a specified condition is met
• Other Medication Orders


  • Treatment medications (creams, ointments, gels for supportive therapy)
  • Drip orders (e.g. Heparin, insulin)
  • IVF orders (intravenous fluid orders)
  • TPN (total parenteral nutrition) orders
• Dispensing


  The process of preparing and giving medicine to a named person based on a prescription
• Prescription


  A written order by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be provided a medicine and treatment