Matter

• Matter is everything that occupies space and has mass ; it is categorised into 3 states - Solid liquid and gas.
• Arrangement of particles - One thing in common between solid liquid and gas is particles (atoms or molecules)
• Substance defines how it looks
• Properties of solids - closely packed together, they don’t move and their shape and volume stays the same.
• Properties of liquid - close together but they arent tightly packed together. They have a definite volume but not shape.

  
• Gas - it doesn’t have a definte shape or volume it can flow and it can be compressed. If an freely move in all directions.
• Change of state

  
• Melting - takes place when a solid is heated (gains energy) and it changes into liquid.
• Boiling - takes place when a liquid is heated (gains energy) and it changes into gas.
• Condensation- cooling of gas (removing energy) causing it to change into a liquid.
• Freezing happens when a liquid is cooled and changes into a solid
• boiling point of a liquid - It is the temperature at which a liquid changes in a gas.

  Waters boiling point- 100 degrees

  Ethanol’s boiling point is 78 degrees
• Diffusion- the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration area.
• The fourth state of matter is plasma :

  • similar to gas/it’s a gas that can carry electrical charge.
  • It has the the ability to conduct (organise) electricity. (As a result of free electrons)
  • Spreads out randomly
  • Very strong heat must be applied, when this happens this creates free electrons and positive ions and plasma is neutral.
  • stars are an example of plasma
• Ion - atoms or molecules with an electrical charge
• Liquid to gas - evaporation