Human Anatomy and Physiology Winter Term

• Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular __________.

  
  

  a. ions

  b. deactivators

  c. second messengers

  d. nucleotides

  c. second messengers
• Chemical Substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ___________.

  
  

  a. proteins

  b. antibodies

  c. hormones

  d. enzymes

  c. hormones
• The master gland of the endocrine system is the_________.

  
  

  a. endocrine

  b. pituitary

  c. adrenal

  d. thyroid

  b. pituitary
• The secretion of hormones in response to changing blood levels of ions is known as _____.

  
  

  a. neural stimulus

  b. hormonal stimulus

  c. humoral stimulus

  d. ionic stimulus

  c. humoral stimulus
• The hormone that has the greatest effect on the metabolic rate is _____________.

  
  

  a. growth hormone

  b. aldosterone

  c. thyroid

  d. cortisol

  c. thyroid
• When blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas releases ________.

  
  

  a. insulin

  b. melatonin

  c. glucose

  d. glucagon

  d. glucagon
• When parathyroid hormone is released

  
  

  a. blood calcium levels fall

  b. osteoclasts are activated

  c. calcitonin is inhibited

  d. calcium channels are blocked

  b. osteoclasts are activated
• The cells with the most receptors for growth hormones are

  
  

  a. liver

  b. nerves

  c. bones

  d. blood vessels

  c. bones
• Steroid hormones influence other cells by

  
  

  a. activating cyclic AMP

  b. entering the nucleus of the cell and altering the expression of the gene

  c. binding specific receptors and activating G proteins

  d. stimulating the uptake of glucose

  b. entering the nucleus of the cell and altering the expression of the gene
• The major plasma protein is

  
  

  a. thrombin

  b. albumin

  c. fibrin

  d. fibrinogen

  b. albumin
• This type of leukocyte produces antibodies

  
  

  a. neutrophil

  b. eosinophil

  c. monocyte

  d. lymphocyte

  d. lymphocyte
• Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis

  
  

  a. synthesis of hemoglobin

  b. production of vacuoles

  c. ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus

  d. production of ribosomes

  b. production of vacuoles
• Red blood cells contain ___% hemoglobin

  
  

  a. 50

  b. 82

  c. 97

  d. 100

  c. 97
• Which of the following is not a function of blood

  
  

  a. controlling endocrine glands

  b. transporting oxygen

  c. distributing heat

  d. producing antibodies

  a. controlling endocrine glands
• What organ in the body regulates erythropoeisis?

  
  

  a. brain

  b. kidney

  c. pancreas

  d. liver

  b. kidney
• Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis?

  
  

  a. vascular spasm

  b. fibrinolysis

  c. coagulation

  d. platelet plug formation

  b. fibrinolysisSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
• The first phase of erythrocyte production is

  
  

  a. hemoglobin synthesis

  b. ejection of the nucleus

  c. ribosome synthesis

  d. reticulocyte formation

  c. ribosome synthesis
• All blood cells develop from

  
  

  a. hemocytoblasts

  b. ejection of the nucleus

  c. myeloid stem cells

  d. lymphoid stem cells

  a. hemocytoblasts
• Which of the following cells could develop from a lymphoid stem cell?

  
  

  a. lymphocyte

  b. erythrocyte

  c. monocyte

  d. any blood cell

  a. lymphocyte
• The life span of a red blood cell is about

  
  

  a. 4 days

  b. 4 weeks

  c. 4 months

  d. 4 years

  c. 4 months
• After hemoglobin is broken down, what part of it enters the liver and becomes bile, which helps us digest food?

  
  

  a. globin

  b. bilirubin

  c. heme

  d. ferritin

  b. bilirubin
• Which of the following structural characteristics contribute to the function of red blood cells

  
  

  a. bi-concave shape

  b. they contain mostly hemoglobin

  c. spectrin in their plasma membrane

  d. all of the above

  d. all of the above
• If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.

  
  

  a. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart

  b. the heart rate would increase

  c. parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate

  d. the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract


  b. the heart rate would increase
• the critical factor controlling stroke volume is

  
  

  a. preload

  b. afterload

  c. contractility

  d. sympathetic stimulation

  a. preload
• Isovolumetric contraction ________.

  
  

  a. occurs only in people with heart valve defects

  b. occurs while the AV valves are open

  c. occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close

  d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

  d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers
• The most important factor in the regulation of the heart rate is

  
  

  a. acidosis

  b. autonomic nervous system stimulation

  c. stroke volume

  d. extracellular calcium levels

  b. autonomic nervous system stimulation
• Which of the following is not a difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

  
  

  a. cardiac muscle has a longer refractory period

  b. cardiac muscle exhibits automaticity

  c. cardiac muscle has striations

  d. cardiac muscle has gap junctions

  c. cardiac muscle has striations
• Cardiac muscle cells use _____ ions for the plateau phase of the action potential.

  
  

  a. calcium

  b. potassium

  c. sodium

  d. chloride

  a. calcium
• Pressure in the ventricles is greatest when

  
  

  a. they are filling

  b. they are relaxed

  c. they are in diastole

  d. they are in systole

  d. they are in systole
• During ventricular systole, AV valves close because

  
  

  a. atrial pressure decreases

  b. atrial pressure increases

  c. ventricular pressure decreases

  d. ventricular pressure increases

  d. ventricular pressure increases
• Blood flow would be increased by

  
  

  a. decreasing vessel diameter

  b. increasing blood vessel length

  c. increasing cardiac output

  d. decreasing blood pressure

  c. increasing cardiac output
• Fluids would be likely to leave or filter out of the capillary if:

  
  

  a. osmotic pressure in the capillary is high

  b. net hydrostatic pressure is greater than net osmotic pressure

  c. net hydrostatic pressure is less than net osmotic pressure

  d. net filtration pressure is negative


  b. net hydrostatic pressure is greater than net osmotic pressure
• The resistance that has the most effect on blood pressure is from

  
  

  a. length of blood vessels

  b. diameter of blood vessels

  c. viscosity of blood

  d. none of these

  b. diameter of blood vessels
• Blood flow through the tissues is responsible for

  
  

  a. urine formation

  b. removal of wastes from tissue cells

  c. gas exchange in the lungs

  d. all of these

  d. all of these
• Which type of blood vessel has the most elastic tissue?

  
  

  a. arteries

  b. veins

  c. capillaries

  d. venules

  a. arteries
• True/False: Fever is seldom beneficial because it speeds up the cellular metabolic rate and will not allow antigen-antibody reactions to occur.

  False
• The two intrinsic defense systems have many components. Which of the following cell types is not a contributor to specific immunity

  
  

  a. natural killer cells

  b. plasma cells

  c. t-cells

  d. b-cells

  a. natural killer cells
• Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation?

  
  

  a. redness

  b. fever

  c. swelling

  d. pain

  b. fever
• Most pathogens that try to enter your body

  
  

  a. are stopped by surface barriers

  b. are killed by the humoral immune response

  c. cause inflammation

  d. are killed by antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells

  a. are stopped by surface barriers
• Saliva and lacrimal fluids contain this enzyme that destroys bacteria.

  
  

  a. Salivase

  b. Trypsin

  c. Amylase

  d. Lysozome

  d. Lysozome