Nutrition Health science Exam Pt.1

• What is nutrition?


  The study of food and hoe food noirishes out body and influences our health.
• What are the 6 stages of nutrition?

  Ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, assimilation and excretion
• What are macronutrients?


  The nutrients that humans need in large quantities to support normal health and body function
• examples of macromolecules


  carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
• What is Water?


  •Inorganic

  •not energy-yielding

  •Essential
• What is Cellular respiration

  A chemical reaction that breaks apart glucose so that the energy stored in its bonds is released and can be used to make ATP
• What does ATP stand for

  Adenosine Tri-phosphate
• What is ATP?


  The energy Source for all cellular function and thus all of life
• What are the main groups of nutrients?

  •Carbohydrates

  •lipids

  •proteins

  •vitamins

  •minerals

  •water
• Metabolism- the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism that are necessary for the maintenance
• Homeostasis- the regulation and maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organim and all of its cells
• Homeostasis requires ATP at all times
• synthesis reactions->two or more reactants combine to produce a new, more, complex product
• X+Y=XY <--This is the anabolic stage of metabolism where substances are synthesized and energy is stored
• An Example of an anabolic stage --> Dehydration Synthesis is the removal of a water molecule bonds togethertwo chemical elements or compounds togethe
• Decomposition Reactions --> a chemical compound breaks down into two or more simpler compounds or elements.
• XY->X+Y <---This is the catabolic stage of metabolism where substances are broken down and energy is released
• An example of a catabolic stage--->Hydrolysis, which a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by the reaction with water. Water is added in this reaction.
• Monosaccharides-"single sugars" are simple sugars. Are classified by the number of sugar they have.
• What are some examples of Monosaccharides?


  Glucose, fructose, galactose and Ribose
• Disaccharides-"double sugars" are the combination of two monosaccharides through the process of Dehydration Synthesis
• What are some examples of Disaccharides?


  Sucrose, lactose, maltose
• Polysaccharides-"Multi-sugars" when three or more sugar molecules are bonded together to make a long chain
• What are some examples of Polysaccharides?


  Starch(potatoes, wheat, etc.), cellulose(structural support in plants), glycogen(animal starch)
• Carbohydrates-> The primary fuel source for our body and brain. carbohydrates are made through the process of photosynthesis.
• Lipids are fats, including oils, waxes, steroids, and cholesterol.
• Lipids are composed of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen)
• Triglycerides- A type of lipid that is a mixture of three fatty acids and one glycerol
• Saturated Fatty Acids- single carbon-carbon bonds, usually solid at room temp.
• Unsaturated Fatty Acids-one or more carbons bonded together with double bonds, usually liquid and are from plants and seeds.
• Monounsaturatedfats- considered "good" fats because they help decrease the risk of heart disease.
• Steroids- lipid hormones used as chemical messengers in our bodies to perform bodily functions. They are chemicals made up by our body cells
• Cholesterol- are lipids wrapped inside of a protein. Used to transport lipids to cells. are needed for nerve cells to function.
• What does HDL Stand for?

  High-Density Lipoprotein
• HDL- cholesterol carries away excess cholesterol from the blood to the liver to be eliminated
• What does LDL stand for?

  Low-density lipoprotein
• LDL- Cholesterol builds up in the blood stream
• Trans fats- raise your LDL (bad cholesterol) and lower your HDL. Most trans fats are formed through industrial processing.
• Amino Acids- are the smallest building blocks for protein
• Amino Acids contain an amine group NH2, a side chain containing hydrogen called an "R-group" and the acid group COOH