Physics paper 2

• What is a scalar quantity?

  ● A quantity that only has a magnitude

  ● A quantity that isn't direction dependent
• What is a vector quantity?

  A quantity that has both a magnitude and an associated direction.
• How can a vector quantity be drawn and wh

  - As an arrow

  - The length of the arrow represents the magnitude

  - The arrow points in the associated direction
• What is a force?


  a push or pull on an object due to the interaction with another object
• What are the two categories that all forces can be split into?

  1) Contact forces

  2) Non- contact forces
• Give three examples of contact forces


  1. Friction

  2. Air resistance

  3. Tension
• Give three examples of non- contact forces

  1. Gravitational forces

  2. Electrostatic forces

  3. Magnetic forces
• Is force


  - vector

  - It has both a magnitude and an associated direction
• Give three examples of vector quantities?

  1. Velocity

  2. Displacement

  3. Force
• Give three examples of scalar quantities

  ● Temperature

  ● Time

  ● Mass

  ● Speed

  ● Distance

  ● Energy
• What is weight?

  The force that acts on an object due to gravity and the object's mass
• What quantities does weight

  Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

  ● The object's mass

  ● The gravitational field strength at the

  given position in the field
• What is the unit used for weight?

  Newtons (N)
• What is the unit used for gravitational field strength?


  N/kg
• What is meant by an objects centre of mass?


  The single point where an object's weight can be considered to act through.
• What piece of equipment can be used to mea

  A calibrated spring- balance or newton meter
• what is the name given to the single force that is equivalent to all the other forces acting on a given object?

  The resultant force
• What does it mean if a force is said to do 'work'?

  The force causes an object to be displaced through a distance
• What is the equation used to calculate work done? Give appropriate units

  Work done = Force x Distance

  Work done (Joules), Force (Newtons), Distance (metres)
• What distance must be used when calculating work done?

  It must be the distance that is moved along the line of action of the force
• Under what circumstance is 1 Joule of work done?

  When a force of 1 Newton causes a displacement of 1 metre.
• How many Newton- metres are equal to 1 joule of energy?


  1Nm = 1J
• How much work is done by a force of 10N acting on an object over over a distance of 5m?

  10 x 50= 50Nm

  = 50J
• What occurs when work is done against frictional forces?

  - A rise in temperature of the object occurs

  - Kinetic energy is converted to heat
• Why does air resistance slow


  ● The object does work against the air resistance

  ● Kinetic energy is converted in to heat, slowing down the object
• Explain the relationship between the applied force and the extension of an elastic object

  The extension is directly proportional to the force applied, provided that the limit of proportionality is not exceeded
• What is meant by an inelastic deformation?


  ● A deformation which results in the object being permanently stretched

  ● The object doesn't return to its original shape when the force is removed
• State the equation relating force, spring constant and extension. Give appropriate units

  Force = Spring Constant x Extension

  Force (N), Spring Constant (N/m), Extension (m)
• What type of energy is stored in a spring when it is stretched?

  Elastic potential energy
• What can extension be r

  Compression
• What determines the moment of a gear wheel? The size of the wheel
• Give an example of when a lever may be used to multiply a force?A wrench, which has a long handle so that the force applied by the user is multiplied
• How can a lever be? If the distance between the effort and pivot is greater than the distance between the pivot and load, the force applied on the load is greater than the effort force. This is since the moment on both the effort and load must be the same
• What three parts make up a lever system?

  1. Load2. Effort3. Pivot
• If an object is in equilibrium, what can be said about the moments acting on the object?

  The clockwise moments are equal to the anticlockwise moments
• What distance measurement is used when calculating a moment?

  The perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force
• State the equation used to calculate the moment of a force. Give appropriate units

  Moment of force= Force x DistanceMoment (Nm), Force (N), Distance (m)
• What is an alternative name for the turning effect of a force?

  A moment
• What is meant by the term 'fluid'

  A liquid or gas
• What factors influence whether an object will sink or float?

  • UpthrustWeightDensity of fluid