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• Rational Actor Images


  Analytical models of foreign policy making
• Rational Actor Images


  • Realist
  • Neorealist
• Realist


  • Classical, older
  • State is a unitary actor consciously pursuing its interest even at the expense of others
• Neorealist


  • Emphasis on 'self-help'
  • The absence of a world authority means that states are preoccupied with survival
• Rational


  Maximizing power or ensuring survival
• Means-ends analysis


  Calculation of benefits/appropriate actions
• Realist and Neorealist similarities

  • They believe the international system is anarchic (no order)
  • There is no overall global authority to impose rules among sovereign states
• Realist and Neorealist differences (Human Nature)

  • Realists have been seeking the quest of power that drives conflict between states
  • Neorealists are more concentrated on the structure of the international system which leads to the behavior of states
• International Capabilities


  Talks about the situation
• Political FPM Images


  • Policy making is the outcome of political activity
  • Policy is the outcome of bargaining processes among those groups and individuals which make up or influence government
• Bargaining


  Negotiation/haggling for peace settlement and coordination
• Why does bargaining have to happen?

  In order to realize state's objectives on national interest
• Psychological Images


  • Important decisions are made by important people
  • The personal characteristics of political leaders will have a determining impact on the nature of policy
• Examples of political leaders

  • Abraham Lincoln - fight for freedom for democracy
  • Winston Churchill - peace and order
  • Hitler - race priority
  • G. Macapagal - Economics
  • Pinoy - K-12
  • Duterte - drugs
• FPM in a transformed world