enzymes

• What is starch?

  starch is a polymer of glucose produced by plants
• How are carbohydrates digested?

  Starch is broken down by the enzyme amylase into maltose molecules. These are then broken down further by maltase into glucose.
• Which organs in the body produce amylase?

  Salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine
• how are proteins broken down?

  Proteins are broken down by a group of enzymes called proteases into individual monomers called amino acids.
• two protease enzymes

  Trypsin

  pepsin
• Which organs in the body produce protease enzymes?

  Stomach

  Pancreas

  small intestines
• What are lipids?

  fats and oils
• Why is bile not an enzyme?

  Bile is a yellow-greenish liquid released from the gall bladder that helps with lipid digestion, however it is not an enzyme.
• How does bile help with the digestion of lipids?

  It emulsifies the lipids which increases the surface area for lipase enzymes to break them down
• Which organs in the body produce lipase enzymes?

  pancreas

  Small intestines
• what are enzymes made of?

  proteins
• How do enzymes work?

  the substrate fits into the active site and they lower the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction
• What does denature mean?

  change of shape
• how does an increase in temperature affect enzyme activity?

  increases rate due to increased collisions
• how does ph affect enzyme activity?

  Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which it can perform at its maximum rate. Too high or too low of a pH deviates the enzyme from its maximum rate.
• What does amylase do?

  breaks down starch into sugars
• What does protease do?

  breaks down proteins into amino acids
• What does lipase do?

  It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol