4

• Which of the following injuries would most likely require transport to a Level I trauma center?

  a. Penetrating injury that is distal to the elbow or knee

  b. Two or more proximal long bone fractures

  c. Superficial burns to an entire lower extremity

  d. Lower back pain following a motor vehicle crash

  Two or more proximal long bone fractures
• Compared to a handgun, a rifle:

  a. is less accurate.

  b. fires a single projectile.

  c. fires at a higher velocity.

  d. has less powerful ammunition.

  fires at a higher velocity
• A specific attribute of a Level I trauma center is that it:

  a. has rapid access to an off-site anesthesiologist.

  b. can initiate definitive care for all injured patients.

  c. is involved in an injury prevention program.

  d. has 24-hour in-house coverage by various specialists.

  has 24-hour in-house coverage by various specialists.
• The "platinum 10 minutes" refers to the:

  a. maximum time spent at a scene for a trauma patient.

  b. maximum amount of time to extricate a patient.

  c. amount of time taken to perform a rapid assessment.

  d. amount of time before decompensated shock occurs.

  maximum time spent at a scene for a trauma patient.
• Children who have outgrown a car seat but are too small to be restrained by seat belts designed for adults are at risk for which type of injury?

  a. Cervical spine

  b. Lung

  c. Abdominal

  d. Head

  Abdominal
• Which of the following injury mechanisms would most likely result in blunt trauma?

  a. Small-caliber gunshot wound

  b. Falling from a tree onto a picket fence

  c. Explosion involving shards of glass

  d. The pressure wave caused by a blast

  The pressure wave caused by a blast
• Which of the following is an example of a quinary blast injury?

  a. High-pressure wave

  b. Radiation exposure

  c. Blunt head injury

  d. Full-thickness burn

  Radiation exposure
• Unlike blunt trauma, penetrating trauma:

  a. is more likely to be fatal because of the severe external bleeding that accompanies it.

  b. often causes damage to a large body surface area, even from a single projectile.

  c. involves a disruption of the skin and underlying tissues in a small, focused area.

  d. is especially common during the primary blast injury following an explosion.

  involves a disruption of the skin and underlying tissues in a small, focused area.
• If a person survives the initial trauma from a shotgun wound at close range:

  a. it is likely that only soft tissue was injured and major organs were spared.

  b. nervous system damage is likely due to the internal dispersal of the pellets.

  c. contaminants that were driven into the wound can cause a severe infection.

  d. they will typically die within 24 hours secondary to liver or renal failure.

  contaminants that were driven into the wound can cause a severe infection.
• Which of the following will be of greatest benefit in helping the paramedic predict the type of injuries that a patient experienced?

  a. Index of suspicion

  b. Age of the patient

  c. Mechanism of injury

  d. Past medical history

  Mechanism of injury
• The second impact that occurs when an adult pedestrian is struck by a motor vehicle would most likely result in injuries to the:

  a. pelvis and chest.

  b. hips and knees.

  c. head and neck.

  d. lower extremities.

  pelvis and chest
• The law of conservation of energy states that:

  a. kinetic energy can be converted only to thermal or chemical energy.

  b. energy can be neither created nor destroyed; it can only change form.

  c. a body at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.

  d. the force that an object can exert is the product of its mass multiplied by its acceleration.

  energy can be neither created nor destroyed; it can only change form
• Penetrating trauma occurs when:

  a. internal organs are lacerated and bleed profusely.

  b. a fractured rib perforates the parenchyma of a lung.

  c. blunt force trauma causes explosive open injuries.

  d. skin is broken by single or multiple objects.

  skin is broken by single or multiple objects
• The most common site of deceleration injury in the chest is the

  a. heart.

  b. vena cava.

  c. esophagus.

  d. aorta.

  Aorta
• Which of the following is a factor when considering transport of a trauma patient via helicopter?

  a. The patient's preference to be transported using ground transport

  b. The need for definitive airway management

  c. The patient's medical facility preference

  d. Distance from the scene to the landing zone and hospital.


  Distance from the scene to the landing zone and hospital
• During a frontal collision, most pneumothoraces occur when:

  a. the patient is ejected through the windshield, and their chest collides with a secondary object outside the vehicle.

  b. the patient takes a deep breath just before impact and the lungs rapidly decompress at the time of impact.

  c. the chest is struck by a penetrating object.

  d. the diaphragm rapidly ascends into the chest cavity during impact, causing an increase in intrathoracic pressure.

  the patient takes a deep breath just before impact and the lungs rapidly decompress at the time of impact
• A properly worn motorcycle helmet will:

  a. eliminate the risk of secondary impacts.

  b. eliminate the risk of a spinal injury.

  c. not protect the cervical spine.

  d. eliminate any risk of head trauma.

  not protect the cervical spine
• Which of the following mechanisms of injury poses the least threat for significant injury?

  a. Rear-end collision with restrained driver

  b. Vehicular intrusion of greater than 12 inches

  c. Death of an occupant in the same vehicle

  d. Motorcycle crash at greater than 20 mph

  Rear-end collision with restrained driver
• According to the American College of Surgeons, an injured patient should be transported to a Level I trauma center if their:

  a. systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mm Hg.

  b. respiratory rate is less than 14 breaths/min.

  c. heart rate is greater than 100 beats/min.

  d. Glasgow Coma Scale score is less than 15.

  systolic blood pressure is less than 90 mm Hg
• The peak magnitude of the pressure wave experienced by a person:

  a. causes secondary and tertiary injuries as a result of the explosion.

  b. lessens as the person is farther away from the center of the explosion.

  c. causes more severe trauma if the person is in an open area during the explosion.

  d. will cause less severe trauma if the person is standing beside a solid object.

  lessens as the person is farther away from the center of the explosion
• The acute physiologic and structural change that occurs in a patient's body when an external source of energy dissipates faster than the body's ability to sustain and deplete it is called:

  a. kinematics.

  b. deceleration.

  c. pathology.

  d. trauma.

  Trauma
• Which of the following statements regarding exit wounds is correct?

  a. Despite fragmentation of the projectile, there is usually only one exit wound for each round that is fired.

  b. Compared to entrance wounds, exit wounds are generally much smaller and typically have regular edges.

  C. Exit wounds occur when the projectile's energy is not entirely dissipated along its trajectory through the body.

  d. With low-velocity gunshot wounds, the exit wound is always a mirror image of the entrance wound.

  Exit wounds occur when the projectile's energy is not entirely dissipated along its trajectory through the body.
• Which of the following is a benefit of a properly worn seat belt?

  a. Prevention of secondary collision with objects inside the vehicle

  b. Distribution of deceleration energy over a smaller surface area

  c. Prevention of partial or complete ejection from the vehicle

  d. Minimal risk of whiplash injuries after a rear-end collision

  Prevention of partial or complete ejection from the vehicle
• The most critical factor determining the seriousness of a gunshot wound is:

  a. the age of the patient.

  b. the presence of an exit wound.

  c. the type of tissue through which the projectile passes.

  d. the presence of temporary cavitation.

  the type of tissue through which the projectile passes
• When summoning an air medical service to transport a critically injured patient, it is most important for you to:

  a. ensure that the fire department is present.

  b. activate the service as soon as possible.

  c. determine the flight crew's credentials.

  d. predetermine the destination facility.

  activate the service as soon as possible.
• Trauma patients with which type of injuries are most likely to have injuries incompatible with life?

  a. Paralysis

  b. Crushed or pulseless extremity

  c. Open skull injuries

  d. Pelvic fractures

  Open skull injuries
• Which of the following characteristics of an entry wound indicates that the weapon was fired at close range?

  a. Severe bleeding from the wound

  b. Abrasions around the wound

  c. Indentation of cutaneous tissues

  d. Tattoo (stippling) marks from powder burns

  Tattoo (stippling) marks from powder burns
• The third phase of a motor vehicle accident involves:

  a. injuries caused by flying debris.

  b. crush injuries to the body.

  c. impact by another vehicle.

  d. deceleration of internal organs.

  deceleration of internal organs
• If a Level I trauma center is 30 miles away, and a Level II trauma center is 10 miles away, it would be most appropriate to transport a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury:

  a. by ground to the Level I trauma center.

  b. by ground to the Level II trauma center.

  c. to the closest hospital for stabilization.

  d. via air transport to the Level I trauma center.

  via air transport to the Level I trauma center
• The forces applied to the driver during a frontal vehicle collision will differ based on:

  a. the patient's physical size.

  b. the patient's age.

  c. objects inside the vehicle.

  d. the motor vehicle's safety features.

  the motor vehicle's safety features
• Compared to a handgun, a rifle:

  a. fires a single projectile.

  b. has less powerful ammunition.

  c. is less accurate.

  d. fires at a higher velocity

  fires at a higher velocity
• Which of the following is the initial point of bodily impact when an unrestrained passenger takes the "down-and-under" pathway during a frontal collision?

  a. Knees

  b. Abdomen

  c. Pelvis

  d. Femurs

  Knees
• Which of the following factors influences the severity of a stab wound?

  a. The anatomic area involved

  b. The size of the attacker

  c. The size of the victim

  d. The position of the victim

  The anatomic area involved
• Lap belts that are worn alone and too high by a pregnant woman:

  a. will provide equal distribution of forces and prevent forward flexion of the mother.

  b.allow enough forward flexion and subsequent compression to rupture the uterus.

  c. usually do not injure the fetus because the uterus is a highly muscular organ.

  d. will provide adequate protection for the uterus if the air bag properly deploys.

  allow enough forward flexion and subsequent compression to rupture the uterus.
• The most significant falls for adults occur from a height greater than:

  a. 5 feet.

  b. 1.5 times the patient's height.

  c. 15 feet.

  d. 2 times the patient's height.

  15 feet
• The greatest amount of kinetic energy would be created if a 140-pound driver struck a tree while traveling at what speed?

  a. 40 mph

  b. 30 mph

  c. 50 mph

  d. 30 mph

  50 mph
• When a person falls from a significant height and lands on their feet, axial loading results in:

  a. shearing injuries to the liver, spleen, and aorta.

  b. crushing injuries to the heels.

  c. compression or burst fractures to the lumbar spine.

  d. disc injuries to the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine.

  compression or burst fractures to the lumbar spine
• When assessing a gunshot wound, how can you determine which wound is the exit wound?

  a. Exit wounds are typically more ragged.

  b. Exit wounds tend to have more powder residue around the wound.

  c. Exit wounds are usually on the anterior side of the body.

  d. Exit wounds are usually smaller.

  Exit wounds are typically more ragged.
• Which of the following is generally affected by pressure changes caused by an explosion?

  a. Tympanic membrane

  b. Liver

  c. Kidneys

  d. Spleen

  Tympanic membrane
• Rapid deceleration of a motor vehicle that is traveling at 60 mph:

  a. typically generates _g_ forces of up to 10 to 20 _g_.

  b.dissipates tremendous forces and can cause major injuries

  c. causes the driver's body to stop moving at the same time.

  d. initially causes whiplash injuries to the patient's neck.

  dissipates tremendous forces and can cause major injuries