18.3 relationships between E, G, and K

• Voltage = Joules / Coulomb
• Coulomb measures the amount of charge
• 96,485 Coulombs = 1 mole e- = 1 Faraday (F)
• $G =$$-nFE$
• $E =$$(RT/nF)lnK$
• $E =$$(0.0257/n)lnK$
• spontaneous:

  - G

  K > 1

  + E

  nonspontaneous:

  + G

  K < 1

  - E