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• Elements of Art


  The "tools" that artists use to make art
• The 7 Elements of Art

  • Line
  • Value
  • Texture
  • Shape
  • Form
  • Space
  • Color
• Line


  • A path that a point takes through space
  • Can be thick, thin, dotted or solid
  • Can make straight movements, zig-zags, waves or curls
• Types of lines

  • Horizontal
  • Vertical
  • Diagonal
• Horizontal lines


  Generally restful, like the horizon, where the sky meets land
• Vertical lines


  Seem to be reaching, so they may seem inspirational like tall majestic trees or church steeples
• Diagonal lines


  Tend to be disturbing, suggest decay or chaos like lightening or falling trees
• Expressive lines


  Tend to be found in nature and are very organic
• Constructive lines


  Very measured, geometric, directional and angular, tend to appear to be man-made because of their precision
• Shape


  Created when a line becomes connected and encloses space, the outline or outward appearance of something
• Shapes


  • 2 Dimensional (2-D), can be measured by height and width
• Types of shapes

  • Geometric shapes (smooth even edges, measurable)
  • Organic shapes (complicated edges, usually found in nature)
• Form


  A shape that has become 3-Dimensional (3-D), has height, width and depth
• Turning shapes into forms

  1. Triangle becomes cone or pyramid

  2. Square becomes cube

  3. Rectangle becomes box or cylinder

  4. Circle becomes sphere (by shading)
• Value


  The lightness or darkness of a color, makes objects appear more real by imitating natural light
• Value


  • Needs a light source (darkest areas on opposite side)
  • Requires a full value range (very light, middle tones, very dark) to create contrast
• Ways to add value

  • Cross-hatching (parallel lines that cross diagonally)
  • Stippling (using dots)
  • Soft shading (gradual movements)
• Color


  Can add interest and reality to artwork, based on a 12-step color wheel
• Primary colors

  • Red
  • Yellow
  • Blue
• Secondary colors


  • Orange (red + yellow)
  • Violet (red + blue)
  • Green (yellow + blue)
• Intermediate/tertiary colors


  • Red-orange
  • Yellow-orange
  • Yellow-green
  • Blue-green
  • Blue-violet
  • Red-violet
• Color schemes

  • Analogous (3-4 next-door-neighbor colors)
  • Complementary (2 opposite colors)
  • Split-complementary (complementary + 2 adjacent colors)
  • Triadic (3 equally spaced colors)
  • Monochromatic (1 color + tints and shades)
• Warm colors


  Reds, yellows, oranges - seem to advance in an artwork
• Cool colors


  Blues, greens, violets - seem to recede in an artwork
• Texture


  The way the surface of an object actually feels or looks like it feels
• Types of texture


  • Tactile/real (actual feel)
  • Implied (looks like it feels)
• Space


  Divided into foreground, middle ground, and background
• Types of space

  • Shallow
  • Deep
• Positive space


  The actual object(s) within the artwork
• Negative space


  The area in and around the objects, the "background"
• Perspective


  Using a vanishing point on the horizon to create a sense of deep space
• Overlapping


  When objects overlap, it shows there is enough space in the picture to contain them all
• The Principles of Design are

  the ways that Designers use  the

  Elements of Design to create good

  Compositions (Graphic Artwork)
• There are 10 Principles of Design

  Balance   Contrast 

  Emphasis  Variety  

  Unity/Harmony  Proportion

  Rhythm  Movement 

  Pattern  Repetition
• balance

  This principle of design refers to the distribution of visual Weight in a work of art.
• •Symmetrical balance: where when the weight is equally distributed on both sides of the central axis. (it does not have to be exact but close).
• •Radial balance:  a kind of balance where the elements branch or radiate out from a central point.
• Contrast - A design principle that emphasizes differences between the art elements. Use of opposites
• Emphasis - The principle of design that is concerned with dominance; the stressing of a particular area of focus over something of equal importance.(also called focal point)
• Variety - is achieved when the different art elements are combined in various ways to increase visual interest.