Introduction to Bases of Speech

• Communication


  A transactional process in which people generate meaning through the exchange of verbal and nonverbal messages in specific contexts, influenced by individual and societal forces and embedded in culture
• Speech communication


  The study of the nature, processes, and effects of human symbolic interaction
• Verbal communication


  The written or oral words we exchange, including pronunciation or accent, the meanings of the words used, and a range of variations in the way people speak a language, which depend on their regional backgrounds and other factors
• Halliday's seven functions of language

  • Instrumental
  • Regulatory
  • Interactive
  • Personal
  • Heuristic
  • Representational
  • Imaginative
• Components of language


  • Syntax
  • Morphology
  • Phonology
  • Semantics
  • Pragmatics
• It is through communication that individuals are integrated into societies; it is through communication that the cultures of those societies are established and perpetuated
• Social constructionism


  Social practices of communicators shaped the messages they produced as well as the social signification of the messages defining social meaning for individuals and groups
• Bases of speech


  • Social basis
  • Physical basis
  • Physiological basis
  • Neurological basis
  • Phonetic basis
  • Linguistic basis
  • Psychological basis
• Speech Communication taxonomy (subdisciplines)


  • Code Systems
  • Intercultural Communication
  • Interpersonal Communication
  • Organizational Communication
  • Oral Interpretation
  • Pragmatic Communication
  • Public Address
  • Rhetorical and Communication Theory
  • Speech Communication Education
  • Speech and Hearing Science
• Code Systems


  The study of the uses of verbal and nonverbal symbols and signs in human communication
• Intercultural Communication


  The study of communication among individuals of different cultural backgrounds
• Interpersonal Communication


  The study of communicative interaction occurring in person-to-person and small group situations
• Conflict Management


  The study of the role of communication in the creation and control of conflict
• Organizational Communication


  The study of interrelated behaviors, technologies, and systems functioning within an organization
• Oral Interpretation


  The study of literature through performance involving the development of skilled verbal and nonverbal expression based on critical analysis of written texts
• Group Performance


  The study of modes of adaptation and oral presentation of a literary text by two or more persons including performances utilizing music, sound, dance, and other paralinguistic effects
• Oral Tradition


  The study of the performance of various forms of verbal art in non-literate and literate societies
• Pragmatic Communication


  The study and practice of communication, object of which is to influence or facilitate decision making
• Argumentation


  The study of the processes involved in the development of ideas through reasoned discourse
• Debate and Forensics


  The study of the application of forms of argument to test ideas or reach decisions
• Discussion and Conference


  The study of the principles and procedures employed in problem-solving and decision-making groups
• Parliamentary Procedure


  The study of codes and rules for the conduct of meetings or organizations in a democratic society, including, but not limited to legislative bodies
• Persuasion


  The study of the principles and strategies of communication that are intended to modify attitudes and actions
• Public Address


  The study of speakers and speeches, including the historical and social context of platforms, campaigns, and movements
• Rhetorical and Communication Theory


  The study of the principles that account for human communicative experiences and behavior
• Rhetorical Criticism


  The study of the application of theoretical and evaluative principles to communicative experiences and behavior
• Speech Communication Education


  The study of speech communication in pedagogical contexts
• Communication Development


  The study of the acquisition and use of speech communication skills by normal children
• Oral Communication Skills


  The study of strategies for improving individual competencies in speaking and listening
• Instructional Communication


  The study of communicative factors involved in the teaching-learning process
• Speech and Hearing Science


  The study of the physiological and acoustical correlates of speech and hearing behavior
• Biological Aspects of Speech and Hearing


  The study of the anatomy and physiology of speech and hearing mechanisms
• Phonological and Phonetic Aspects of Speech and Hearing


  The study of the production and perception of verbal and non-verbal human sounds
• Physical Aspects of Speech and Hearing

  The study of acoustic characteristics of motor speech production and of auditory perception
• Virtually everyone involved in the discipline of speech communication is, at some time, approached by either a stranger or a colleague from another discipline and asked to explain, in twenty-five words or less, just what speech communication is, anyway
• The study of speech, to be thorough, requires that the subject be approached from many points of view
• Bases of Speech


  Written to provide as broad an understanding as possible of the nature and function of speech in order that one might base upon that understanding a rational process of improvement in the oral aspects of communication
• Language plays a central role in communication and it is our use of language that makes us human, unlike other mammals who do not use symbols that they can string together to create new words and form infinite sets of never-before-heard thought or read sentences
• Instrumental


  Language used to fulfill needs or desires, such as requesting food or comfort
• Regulatory


  Language used to command, persuade, or request someone to do something, controlling their behavior