Ch 27 Terms

• Totalitarianism


  A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
• Stalinism


  Stalin's government system that was acheived in the name of Communism but was more like totalitarianism; benefited only government and relied on terror tactics, secret police, bogus trials and assassination
• Fascism


  A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition
• Eugenics


  study of factors that influence the hereditary qualities of the human race and ways to improve those qualities
• New Economic Plan (NEP)


  Peasants were allowed to own land and small businesses (allowed for some capitalism)
• Five Year Plan


  Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine
• Collectivization of Agriculture


  The forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large state-controlled enterprises in the Soviet Union under Stalin.
• Kulaks


  Rich peasants in the Russian Empire who owned larger farms and used hired labour. They were their own class.
• Black Shirts


  A private army under Mussolini who destroyed socialist newspapers, union halls, and Socialist party headquarters, eventually pushing Socialists out of the city governments of Northern Italy.
• Lateran Agreement of 1929


  A 1929 agreement that recognized the Vatican as an independent state, with Mussolini agreeing to give the church heavy financial support in return for public support from the pope.
• National Socialism


  the ideology and practices of the Nazi party, which included national expansion, state control of the economy, the totalitarian principle of government, and anti-Semitism.
• Enabling Act


  A congressional act directing the people of a United States territory to frame a proposed State constitution as a step towards admission to the Union
• Appeasement


  Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict
• New Order


  Hitler's program based on racial imperialism, which gave preferential treatment to the Nordic peoples; the French, an "inferior" Latin people, occupied a middle position, and Slavs and Jews were treated harshly as "subhumans."
• Holocaust


  A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.
• Battle of Stalingrad


  Unsuccessful German attack on the city of Stalingrad during World War II from 1942 to 1943, that was the furthest extent of German advance into the Soviet Union.