Mixtures

• Matter


  Anything that has mass and takes up space
• Types of matter


  • Pure substances
  • Mixtures
• Mixture


  A physical combination of two or more pure substances
• Types of mixtures


  • Homogeneous
  • Heterogeneous
• Homogeneous mixture


  A mixture in which the substances combined are uniformly distributed
• Heterogeneous mixture


  A mixture in which the substances combined are not uniformly distributed
• Solute


  The dissolved substance in a solution
• Solvent


  The dissolving medium in a solution
• Solution states


  • Unsaturated
  • Saturated
  • Supersaturated
• Colloid


  A mixture in which the particles are larger than those in a solution but not large enough to be seen with the naked eye
• Suspension


  A heterogeneous mixture in which the solute particles are visible to the naked eye
• Tyndall effect


  A phenomenon in which light is absorbed by the particle and later scattered throughout the mixture
• Tyndall effect


  Used to investigate if a mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous
• Particle size


  Determines if the mixture is a solution, colloid, or suspension
• In a solution, the solute particles are too small to be seen and there is no ray of light passing through the mixture
• In a colloid, the particles are larger than in a solution and there is a faint ray of light shining through the mixture
• In a suspension, the particles are large enough to be seen and you can distinguish the rays of light
• Mixtures can be separated by physical methods such as filtration, distillation, evaporation, crystallisation, chromatography, centrifugation, magnetism, and decanting.
• The properties of the components can be identified, but they do not have any new properties.