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• Cultural roots of Korean art

  Shamanism, Neo Confucianism and Buddhism
• Tumuli


  Tomb caves where most artifacts from ancient times are found, shaped like a hill over the grave site resembling a mountain
• Shamanism


  • Presence of the shaman or mundang, whose dancing, singing and rituals are felt to have a beneficial effect, in communicating with various spirits through the trance as a medium of communication
  • Inanimate objects include the bronze cauldron (ch'eongdongsot'), representing power and authority
  • Traditional currency (yeopcheon), representing good luck
  • Clouds, believed to carry people to the next world and are usually seen on ancient tombs
  • The marks consist of bar symbols which are seen on the South Korean flag as T'aegukki and represent balancing philosophies
• Four Noble Plants

  • Japanese apricot (purity, integrity)
  • Orchid (good nature)
  • Chrysanthemum (elegance, high fidelity)
  • Bamboo (expels ghosts and bad luck)
• Celadon


  Distinctive type of pottery that emerged in the Koryo dynasty, from the plain grey or brown pottery originating from the early Three Kingdoms and Great Silla
• Choson ceramics

  Punch'ong and white porcelain
• Pujok


  Korean talisman, acts as good luck charms or amulets that ward off evil
• Changseung


  • One of Korea's traditional sculptures, which dates back two centuries, are the village guardians
  • In Jeju Island, there is the plumper version called harubang
  • They created the Sot'dae which were high poles with bird figures perched on top
  • Similar to the sot'dae, the pangsa-t'ap, or protective stone tower or guardian mound, is place at the entrance of villages to shield against evil spirits
• Danch'eong or Tanch'ong


  Patterns that decorate the exposed eaves and doors of temples and palaces
• Chapsang


  Clay figurines that give images to animals along the roof edges to ward off evil spirits, and also to prevent fire in palace roofs
• Pagodas


  Called ta'p in Korea and are usually made out of stone
• Sokkuram Grotto


  The cave temple of an enormous stone Buddha, said to be the apex of Buddhist architecture in Korea
• Kim Tae Song, the same architect of the nearby temple, built the Sokkuram Grotto during the Silla Period
• 36 years of Japanese colonial rule subordinated Korean art is such a way that contemporary Korean art was made possible only after the Second World War
• Contemporary Korean art

  • A Memory of the 20th Century by Cho Duck Hyun in 1994
  • Lee Bul's frozen fish decorated with sequins displayed at the 1st Asia Pacific Triennial in 1993
  • The Monster Show by Lee Bul
• In 2002, an exhibition called East Asian Women and Her Stories was organized by women curators and cultural workers in Seoul
• Before the colonizers came to the Philippines, ethnic minorities have used art not only for daily activities but also for religious rituals and practices
• Pottery


  Produced items that are practical value for the early Filipinos, such as pots for cooking and large vases for storing
• Manunggal Jar


  One of the most prominent artifacts related to pottery, found in Palawan
• Weaving


  One of the earliest forms of art expression in the Philippines, known for their colorful woven cloth, including the women abaca cloth called t'nalak
• Woodcarvings


  • Each subject represents a certain theme or motif but generally, these symbols depict their beliefs as a people
  • In Mindanao, Tausug and Maranao people are known for their okir, which are designs applied to their woodcarvings. There common subjects include the sarimanok naga and the pako rabong
• Sarimanok Naga


  The naga forms an S-shaped, depicting and elaborate figure of a mythical dragon or serpent
• Pako Rabong


  A motif of a fern growing vertically, with a central point from which the design radiates outwards
• Kutkut Art


  A glamorous Philippine art form based on early century techniques - sgraffito, layering and encaustic, practiced by the indigenous people of Samar Island in the middle of early 1600 and late 1800 A.D.
• Chinese art


  • Characterized by a strong sense of tradition, especially in dealing with family
• 3 Chinese philosophers


  • Confucianism
  • Taoism
  • Chan Buddhism
• Confucianism


  A philosophy based on social cohesion, seeks to establish virtue and right conduct in the relationship between father and son, ruler and subject, male and female, friends and neighbors
• Confucianism was China's state religion for 426 years during the Han Dynasty
• Confucius


  The founder, born during the period of the Warring States - endless warfare and death plagued in China
• Taoism


  Developed by Lao Tzu or Laozi, extolled the virtue of the "tao" or "the way", the purpose of life was to achieve a "oneness" with the universe
• 1. ching (Book of Changes)


  Explains the principles of Qi (chi) energy are composed of Yin (female) and Yang (male) or the Principle of Dualism
• Trigrams


  • Used to further illustrate the presence of yin-yang energy, taiji and the eight trigrams form the Taoist symbol called the pa'kua or ba'kua

  
• Chan Buddhism


  Came in 1st century, introduced by traveling monks plying the Silk Route via Dunhuang and Guangzhou, a branch of Buddhism known in China extolling the pure teaching of Buddhism
• Chan (Zen in Japan)


  Painters found inspiration in landscape paintings as revealing this state of illumination
• Visual arts, architecture and funerary art in China


  • Powered centered on architectural structures and tombs excavations, in the "Middle Kingdom"
• Tombs


  • Usually in the form of mounds or small hills, with a small opening at the base, Shang and Zhou royal tombs were cruciform pits, which yielded bronze implements and jewelry
• Great Wall of China, Chin Dynasty


  • Constructed under Emperor Chin to keep out 'barbarian' invaders (the Hans) from the north
• Terracotta Army, Chin Tomb


  • To ensure his immortality, his tomb contained 7,500 highly realistic, life-sized pottery figures of soldiers and horses, equipped with real weapons
• Feng Shui


  Main entrance of the house must face the south, to receive positive chi into the household
• Three-Bay House


  The space between the outer pillars of the house, or bays, must be an odd number to ensure good luck; even numbers are considered unlucky