UNDS 9

• Spiritual self


  The inner most workings of the person's mind, the behavior, beliefs and even morals that involves every aspect of the human as a person
• William James: 'People will find more satisfaction in having been able to show of the spiritual self like their intelligence, to have their wishes be done, and to act upon their conscience than to count or show their possession, because he said that the spiritual self "is the most enduring and intimate part of the self".'
• Manifestation of the spiritual self

  • Person's will
  • Intelligence and abilities
  • Morals
  • Values
• Will


  Refers to one's wishes, these are the things that we want to see and achieve in our lives
• Intelligence and abilities


  The perceived strengths of a person, the things that they have confidence in doing and believe to have a certain level of mastery
• Morals


  The definition of what is right and wrong, distinguish the things that are acceptable for a person, the society and at the same time the determination of the possible effects of their actions to themselves, their environment and other people
• Values


  The person's ability to distinguish what is important and what is not. With one's values system a person may be able to prioritize what they think are the task or thing that is needed, what are the things that should be done or to be resolved immediately, and what are those that they can delay without grave repercussions
• Religion


  Beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and powers
• Worldview


  The collective body of ideas that members of the culture generally share concerning the ultimate shape and substance of their reality
• Spirituality


  A concern with the sacred in an individual manner
• Differences between religion and spirituality

  • Religion is an organized system of ideas about spiritual reality, or the supernatural, along with associated beliefs and ceremonial practices
  • Spirituality is a concern with the sacred, as distinguished from material matters. In contrast to religion, spirituality is often individual rather than collective and does not require a distinctive format or traditional organization
• Myth


  A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence – where we and everything in our world came from, why we are here, and where we are going
• Rituals


  Culturally prescribed symbolic acts or procedures designed to guide members of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective transitions. Two types: calendric and crisis.

  
• Supernatural


  The supernatural is around you all the time, especially in non-industrialized societies. In a lot of cultures, health, wealth, and daily things are related to supernatural.
• Functions of religion


  • Cognitive function - Enabling humans to explains the unexplainable phenomena
  • Emotional function - Helping individuals to cope up with anxieties that often accompany illness, accidents, deaths
  • Social function - Social control, conflict resolution and building group solidarity
• Dungan


  The "soul" or spirit of a person has two dimensions; (1) human body and (2) spiritual. Soul referred to as kaluluwa by the Tagalogs or Dungan by the Ilonggos comes from the root word duwa, two. The Dungan is not seen by the human eye, it takes on a different form.
• Rituals in the Philippines are quite common. Visayan fishing villages practice the offering ritual called harang.
• A local shaman invokes sea spirits. These are several stages of the ritual purification, invocation, entreaty and feast which cover community life such as harvest, operation of fishing boats and cases of illnesses.
• In the Philippines, our country is known to have a culture that values the teaching of religion. Our notion of right and wrong is based on the teachings of the church or any religion that the people are following.
• It is imperative for one to fully understand the extent and be able to define the cohesiveness of their own beliefs to the teachings of their religion, this will enable one to be able to understand further who they are what they want to do, and what are the things they can and cannot do based on the acceptable behavior that are being taught in one's religious orientation.
• Religion refers to beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and powers. Worldview is broader than religion. Worldview refers to the collective body of ideas that members of the culture generally share concerning the ultimate shape and substance of their reality. Religion also differs from spirituality, which is a concern with the sacred in an individual manner. All cultures have religion, spirituality, a worldview and magic.
• Buddhism believes that life is not a bed of roses. Instead, there are suffering, pain, and frustrations. When people, they want to experience the goodness of life and avoid disappointments. This becomes a habit known as the reactive cycle of wanting, like, dislike, and craving and aversion.
• Ways to break the reactive cycle in Buddhism


  • The practice of meditation
  • Acquiring more wisdom and deeper understanding
  • Acceptance of things as they are
• Types of meditation practices in Buddhism

  • Samatha
  • Vipassana
• Samatha


  Practiced as mindfulness of breathing and development of loving-kindess (Metta Bhavana)
• Vipassana


  Practices aim at developing insight into reality. Acquiring wisdom is by studying Buddha's teaching, the Dharma. Through the reflection of Dharma, Buddhis can achieve a deeper understanding of life.
• Buddhists believe in nonviolence principle
• The Trinitarian God in Christianity

  • God the Father (Creator)
  • God the Son (Savior)
  • God the Holy Spirit (Sustainer)
• Christians believe that eternal life after death will be achieved through faith in Jesus Christ
• Jesus Christ is, God the Son, who came into flesh, to spread the Good News of Salvation. He died on the Cross for sin for the humanity but resurrected from the death
• Hinduism covers a wide range of traditional beliefs and religious groups; thus, there is no single founder or leader.
• Hindus believe that existence is a cycle of birth, death and rebirth, governed by Karma. Karma is a concept where reincarnated life will depend on how the past life was spent.
• Hindus believe that the soul passes through a cycle of successive lives and its next incarnation is always dependent on how the previous life was lived.
• Major Hindu festivals


  • Diwali (Festival of Lights)
  • Navrati (Festival of nine nights, which celebrate the triumph of good over evil)
• Hindus have set dates to honor particular manifestation of God.
• Muslims believe in Allah, who is their "One God". They believe in the unity and universality of God. Muslims also have strong sense of community or "ummah" and an awareness of their solidarity with all Muslims worldwide.
• Islam means "willing submission to God.
• Muslims believe that Mohammed is the last and final prophet sent by God. Mohammed was born in Mecca in 570 CE and received revelations from God through the Angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years.
• The Holy Book of Islam called the Quran, which was taught to be recited in Arabic because any translation is seen as inadequate.
• The Jews believe in the God of Abraham, the same God that liberated the Hebrews slaves from Egypt to Canaan, the Promised Land through the leadership of Moses and later, Joshua.