Anatomy exam

• what are the 6 primary functions of the digestive system?

  1. Ingestion

  2. mechanical digestion

  3. chemical digestion

  4. absorption

  5. secretion

  6. defecation
• what are the 5 structures of the alimentary canal?

  1. mouth

  2. pharynx

  3. esophagus

  4. small intestine

  5. large intestine
• what are the accessory structures?

  1. liver

  2.gallbladder

  3. salivary glands

  4.pancreas
• what are the 4 layers of the alimentary canal?

  1. mucosa ( inner layer)

  2. submucosa

  3. muscularis

  4. serosa ( outer layer)
• which nerve is involved in the entrinsic control of digestion?

  The vagus nerve
• what nerves regulate the intrinsic control of digestion?

  1. myenteric nerve plexus

  2. submucosal nerve plexus
• what 2 types of reflexes take place in the alimentary canal?

  long and short reflexes
• term for mechanical digestion in the mouth?

  mastication
• what activates the salivary reflex?

  seeing food, smelling food and tasting food
• what are the 3 salivary glands and where are they locate?

  1. parotid and is near the ear

  2. submandibular and is near the jaw

  3. sublingual and is near the tounge
• what does deglutition mean?

  to swallow
• what are the 3 stages of deglutition?

  1. buccal phase

  2. pharyngeal phase

  3. esophageal phase
• what stage of deglutition is voluntrary? (only 1)

  Buccal phase
• what is the structure that moves bolus from the mouth to the stomach?

  esophagus
• what are the 2 sphincters in the esophagus?


  1. upper esophageal sphincter

  2. lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)
• what are the 4 main regions of the stomach?

  1. cardia

  2. fundus

  3. body

  4. plyorus
• name the 3 layers of muscle in the stomach

  1. longitudinal

  2. circular

  3. oblique
• what does the inner lining of the stomach contain?

  rugae
• what does rugae do?

  expands the stomach when food enters
• how much does the stomach expand?

  up to 4L
• what are the 3 cells that secrete gastric fluid?

  1. chief cells

  2. mucous cells

  3. parietal cells
• term for mechanical digestion in the stomach?

  gastric churning
• what macromolecule is chemically digested in the stomach and by which enzyme?

  proteins and by pepsin ennzyme
• what hangs over the transverse colon and small intestine?

  greater omentum
• what is the function of the greater omentum?

  1. stores fat

  2. traps infections
• what are the 3 segemnts of the small intestines?

  1. duodenum

  2. jejunum

  3. ileum
• what is the primary site for absorption?

  jejunum
• what are the small intestines lined with?

  villi and microvilli
• what is the function of mesentary?


  holds things in place and anchors to posterior abdomen wall
• what does mesentary contain?

  blood vessels and nerves
• in which part of the intestine does bolus become juice?

  ileum
• what 2 types of movements occur in the small intestines?

  1. peristalsis

  2. segmentation
• what 2 hormones cause the pancreas to secretes its fluid

  1. CCK

  2. secretin
• what is the function of the gallbladder?

  stores bile
• secretions are regulated in the gallbladder by what hormone?

  CCK
• what does bile contain?

  1. water

  2. cholesterol

  3. ions

  4. billirubin
• what is the function of bile?

  bile breaks down fat into smaller pieces
• does bile contain enzymes?

  NO!!!!!!!!
• why is it poosible to live without our gallbladder?

  our liver still secretes some bile directly into the duodenum
• the liver is the bodies greatest ......?

  detoxifier