Save
Bio review
Save
Share
Learn
Content
Leaderboard
Share
Learn
Created by
Parvathi Menon
Visit profile
Cards (173)
How long did you sleep last
night
?
View source
We will be reviewing the Ecology Unit, including:
●
Intertidal Ecology
,
Mark-Recapture Equation
● Population Ecology – population size,
growth
,
life
history traits
●
Community Ecology
–
species interactions
●
Ecological Succession
–
primary
and secondary
succession
●
Ecosystem Ecology
– energy flow,
nutrient cycling
View source
Ecology levels of organization
Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
View source
Distribution
Where
species
are found
View source
Abundance
The number of individuals of each
species in a
defined
area
View source
Abiotic
Factors
Non-living
components of the environment
View source
Range of
Tolerance
The range of abiotic conditions in which an organism can
survive
and
reproduce
View source
Biotic
Factors
Living
components of the
environment
View source
You
know what
they
mean
right
View source
Factors affecting distribution of species
1.
Dispersal
ability
2.
Abiotic
factors
3.
Biotic
factors
View source
Abiotic factors affect distribution
Most abundant:
optimal
Present, less abundant:
stressful
Can't persist: range of
intolerance
View source
Biotic factors affect distribution
Abundant at: less
competition
or predation, more
food
resources
View source
One-way
movement
View source
Factors affecting abundance
Abiotic
factors: time, temperature, water
Biotic
factors: competition, mutualism
View source
Does not need to
survive
well (%
survival
>0)
In contrast to
optimal range
for survival.
View source
The % cover of S. neomexicana is
highest
at the
top
of the hill and
decreases
dramatically towards the
bottom.
The % cover of S.
neomexicana is
20.5
% at the top of the hill and decreases
8.5
% at the side
and to only
3.0
% cover at the
bottom.
The trend in % cover for other grasses was the
opposite
to the trend for S.
neomexicana, the %cover of other grasses
increased
from the
top
to the
bottom of the hill. The % cover of other grasses was
12.0
% at the top of the
hill and increased towards the sides ( 35.5%) and bottom of the hill (
47.5
%).
Considering all species, the tops of the hills had
lower
% cover of all grasses
and the % cover increased towards the
bottom
of the hill. The total %
coverage was
32.5
% at the top and
50.5
% at the bottom.
View source
No information was given on
statistical tests
View source
Intertidal Ecology
Environment changes periodically each day. Tide is
low
: terrestrial conditions, suboptimal or even
lethal. Tide is
high
: marine conditions, optimal.
View source
Intertidal Distribution
The length of time that an
intertidal
organism is
exposed to
terrestrial
conditions depends upon its
location in the intertidal zone.
Located at
higher
tidal height →
longer
time exposed
to
air
→ only those
marine
organisms that can
tolerate
this live there
More optimal when
submerged
in water
View source
Abiotic factors affect upper limit of distribution
Greater range of
tolerance
for
low
dissolved
oxygen
conditions
View source
Biotic factors affect lower limit of distribution
Predation
:
Intertidal
organisms' predators are mostly
marine
organisms, so
higher
predation intensity
when they are
submerged.
Competition
: more
competition
(eg. for space) at
optimal
abiotic condition (lower intertidal zone).
View source
Biotic factors affect
lower limit
of distribution
View source
Population Ecology
A
population
is a group of individuals of the
same
species that live in the same
area
at the same
time.
View source
If the population size
decreased
by 40% becaused
their habitat
decreased
to 70%
The population
density
decreased
View source
Estimate Population Size
Mark-recapture
View source
Suppose that your trap 255 stickleback fish in a lab and mark
them by clipping the first spine off their dorsal fins. One month
later, you return to the lake and capture a total of 162 stickleback
fish.
78
of these fish are marked. What is the estimated
population size of stickleback fish in this lake?
View source
Lincoln-Peterson Method Assumption
The population is
closed
(N̂ remains the same
between sampling periods)
Individuals are equally likely to be
caught
Individuals do not lose
marks
between sampling
periods
View source
Population Size Change
Increase:
Birth
,
Immigration
Decrease:
Death
,
Emigration
View source
Per capita birth rate
b =
B/N
View source
Per capita
death rate
d
=
D/N
View source
Growth Rate
r = b - d,
-1 ≤
r
≤ 1
View source
If b=d, then r=0 – population size is not changing
If b>d, then r>0 – population size is
increasing
If b<d, then r<0 – population size is
decreasing
View source
Since r =
b
-
d
View source
Exponential growth
J-shaped curve
constant r (density-independent)
dN/dt
increases
Usually
short-lived
, occurs when:
Unlimited
resources
Or, pop sizes are relatively
small
View source
Logistic growth
S-shaped
curve
Limiting
factors restrict pop
growth
r
declines
when N approaches K (
carrying capacity
)
r is
density-dependent
At N=K,
b=d
,
r=0
View source
the maximum
population size
that a particular environment
can sustain at a given
time.
View source
When N is
small
,
exponential
&
logistic
growth look similar
View source
Theoretically, N stays at
K
(
continuous
).
Realistically, N fluctuates around K (
discrete growth
)
View source
Carrying Capacity
Changes when
environment
changes
Differs
among species
View source
Limiting Factors
environmental factors that limit the
growth
,
abundance
or distribution of a
population
Density-dependent
factors (usually
biotic
)
Density-independent
factors (usually
abiotic
)
View source
See all 173 cards
See similar decks
11.5 Review Sessions
Edexcel GCSE French > 11. Exam Preparation
47 cards
8.1 Review of Key Topics
Edexcel A-Level Accounting > 8. Revision and Exam Preparation
104 cards
7.5.3 Peer Review and Implications of Psychological Research
AQA A-Level Psychology > 7. Research Methods > 7.5 Data Analysis
30 cards
4.5 Review and Submission
OCR A-Level History > Unit Y100: Topic-Based Essay
65 cards
4.1.4 Literature Review and Contextual Research
OCR A-Level Geography > 4. Investigative Geography > 4.1 Independent Investigation
61 cards
1.1.2 Critiques of the tripartite view
OCR A-Level Philosophy > 1. Epistemology > 1.1 What is knowledge?
11 cards
1.1.1 The tripartite view
OCR A-Level Philosophy > 1. Epistemology > 1.1 What is knowledge?
60 cards
1.1.4 Issues with the tripartite view:
AQA A-Level Philosophy > 1. Epistemology > 1.1 What is knowledge?
62 cards
1.1.5 Responses to issues with the tripartite view:
AQA A-Level Philosophy > 1. Epistemology > 1.1 What is knowledge?
27 cards
review
11 cards
11.5 Review Sessions
Edexcel GCSE French > 11. Exam Preparation
33 cards
4.5 Review and Submission
OCR A-Level History > Unit Y100: Topic-Based Essay
61 cards
review
Biology > Paper 1
12 cards
review
Business
9 cards
Review
93 cards
Review
8 cards
Review 19-24
Computer Science CGP OCR > Component 1 -Computer Systems > Section Two - Date representation
23 cards
4.5 Review and Submission
OCR A-Level History > Unit Y100: Topic-Based Essay
61 cards
review
english > language
28 cards
11.5 Review Sessions
Edexcel GCSE French > 11. Exam Preparation
148 cards
Review
8 cards