PR1 - Lesson 7

• Related Literature - involves a process of identifying, locating, organizing, and analyzing information about a research topic
• General References - sources such as research articles, professional journals, books etc
• Primary Sources - are those that provide first-hand information about expert's and other researcher's publication
• Secondary Sources - are those written by authors that describe another researcher's works
• Tertiary Sources - are books and articles based on secondary sources; it synthesize and explains the works of others
• Theory - defined as a statement that makes a claim about a certain phenomenon
• Concept - a particular phenomenon that can be both abstract and concrete
• Introduction - discuss briefly the research problem and the significance of the study
• Body - contains a narrative of relevant ideas and findings found in the reports of other researchers that support the present research problem
• Synthesis - presents an overall picture of what is established up to the present and how the review can support the development and conduct of the research
• Bibliography - contains the full bibliographic information of all the sources mentioned in the review
• Chronological - topics are arranged for a usual timeline of development
• Conceptual - organization of the review is by claims and arguments
• Stated Hypothesis - topics are listed based on each hypothesis made in the research
• By Author or Writer - the respective authors or writers are then cited in the footnote
• By Topic - if many authors have the same opinion or idea about the same topic, discussion and citation of the topic is under the names of the authors or writers
• Chronological Citation - related materials or references may be cited in chronological manner that is according to the year they were written
• APA Format - the most common way to cite sources in field of social sciences
• MLA Format - most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities
• Chicago Manual Style - each documentation is favored by different groups of scholars depending on the subject matter
• A work by two authors - name both authors in the parentheses whenever their work is cited
• A work by three or five authors - include the entire author's surname in parentheses the first time source is cited
• et al. - "and others"
• Six or more authors - use the first author's name followed by et al. in parentheses
• Citing Indirect Sources - if a source was mentioned in another source
• Electronic Sources - are cited the same way as any other document by using the author-date style
• Citing Websites - cited the same way as any other source, using the author date style if known
• Plagiarism - an act of claiming another's work or copying a portion of someone else's writing
• Self-Plagiarism - defined when the researchers reuse their own work or data in a new written product without letting the readers know
• Copyright - the publisher of the journal can reproduce and distribute the research legally