English (Q4)

• Qualitative It is based on the approach that sees the individual and the world around him/her as interconnected.
• Quantitative It is associated with hard data. It is used to quantify- that is to put numerical equivalents to findings.
• Mixed Methods This provides a more complete explanation of the research findings.
• Classification of research:

  1. Library Research - done in library
  2. Field Research - conducted in natural setting
  3. Laboratory Research - isolating the study in a thoroughly specified and equipped area.
• Applied Research - It is designed to solve practical problems of the modern world.
• Basic Research - It is driven by scientist’s curiosity or interest in a scientific question.
• Descriptive Research - It provides an accurate portrayal of a class or a particular individual situation or group.
• Ethnographic Research - It refers to the investigation of a culture through in-depth study of the members of the culture.
• Exploratory Research - It is conducted for a problem that has not been clearly defined.
• Historical Research - It involves analysis of events that occurred in the remote or recent past.
• Experimental Research - This establishes cause and effect relationship.
• Survey Research - is the collection of data attained by asking individuals questions either in person, on paper, by phone or online.
• Content and Textual Analysis - It is applied to written or visual materials for the purpose of identifying specified characteristics.
• Ethics refers to the norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior.
• Characteristic of research:

  1. Systematic - It follows orderly and sequential procedures, based on valid procedures and principles.
  2. Empirical - It is based on observations and experimentations of theories.
  3. Logical - It is unbiased and objective.
  4. Critical - It is based on precise and careful judgments.
  5. Replicable - The research design and procedures are replicated or repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.
  6. Cyclical - It starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
• A Research Question (Statement of the Problem) is the question around which you center your research.
• The three research questions using phenomenological research design mostly follow a pattern- (1) challenges (2) coping mechanisms/strategies (3) insights.
• Theory Base - There might be one or more theories that you base your study from. Contextualize what aspect of the theory is supported and applied in your research.
• Objectives of the study - A brief statement of the purposes which the study/research hopes to achieve (general problem statements; in paragraph form).