Renaissance

• Renaissance


  Architecture developed during the rebirth of classical art and learning in Europe (1420-1550)
• Renaissance architecture


  • Use of classical orders, round arches, and symmetrical proportions
  • Based on regular order, symmetry, and a central axis with grandiose plans and impressive facades
• Renaissance had its birth in Florence
• Renaissance architecture (1420-1550)


  • Silhouettes were clean and simple, with flat roofs
  • Walls of large dressed masonry blocks gave buildings an imposing sense of dignity and strength
  • Emphasis on horizontality
  • Ornamentation was based on pagan or classical mythological subjects
• Periods of Renaissance architecture

  • Early Renaissance
  • High Renaissance or Proto-Baroque
  • Baroque
  • Rococo
• Early Renaissance


  Period of learning designers were intent on the accurate Roman elements
• High Renaissance or Proto-Baroque


  • Renaissance became an individual style in its own right
  • Purist or Palladian, where Roman tradition was held in high respect (represented by Andrea Palladio)
  • Proto-Baroque, where there was more confidence in using the acquired vocabulary freely (represented by Michelangelo)
  • Mannerist, where practices which had no Roman precedent were interspersed with the usual buildings, or entire buildings were conceived in a non-Roman way
  • Mannerists used architectural elements in a free, decorative and illogical way, unsanctioned by antique precedent
• Baroque


  • Architects worked with freedom knowledge
  • The true nature of Renaissance as a distinctive style began to emerge
  • Baroque saw architecture, painting, sculpture and the minor arts being used in harmony to produce the unified whole
  • Churrigueresque refers to Spanish Baroque
• Rococo


  • Style which is primarily French in origin
  • Rock-like forms, fantastic scrolls, and crimped shells
  • Profuse, often semi-abstract ornamentation
  • Light in color and weight
• Architectural Features of Renaissance

  • Reintroduction of the (5) Classical Roman Orders of Architecture
  • Use of the rusticated masonry
  • Parapets are usually with balusters
  • Dome on a drum

  
• Architectural Character of Renaissance

  • Symmetry
  • Proportion
  • Geometry

  
• St. Peter's Cathedral


  • Officially the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano
  • Bramante was the first commissioned to design the cathedral
  • Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
  • Michelangelo (dome and colonnades)
  • Bernini (baldacchino)

  
• 12 Architects of St. Peter's Basilica

  • Donatello Bramante
  • Giuliano da Sangallo
  • Fra Giocondo
  • Raphael Santi
  • Baldassare Peruzzi
  • Antonio da Sangallo
  • Michelangelo Bounarotti
  • Giacomo della Porta
  • Domenico Fontana
  • Vignola
  • Carlo Maderna
  • Gian Lorenzo Bernini

  
• Mannerism


  A reaction against the classical perfection of the High Renaissance; it either responded with a rigorous application of classical rules, or flaunted classical convention, in terms of scale and shape
• Renaissance architecture in England

  • Elizabethan (1558 to 1603 AD)
  • Jacobean (1603 to 1625 AD)
  • Stuart (1625 to 1702 AD)
  • Georgian (1702 to 1830 AD)
• Elizabethan Mansions


  • E-shaped plan or H-shaped plan
  • Great hall, kitchen and office, living rooms, grand staircase, long gallery, withdrawing room or solar, towers, gables, parapets, balustrades,chimney stacks, oriel and bay windows
• Stuart Buildings


  • Banqueting House, London (designed by Inigo Jones)
  • St. Paul's Cathedral, London (designed by Christopher Wren)
• Georgian Houses


  • Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire (most monumental mansion in England, example of central block with wings)
• Renaissance architecture in Spain

  • Early Period (1492 to 1556 AD) - Grafting Renaissance details unto Gothic forms
  • Classical Period (1556 to 1690 AD) - Close adherence to Italian Renaissance art
  • Baroque Period (1650 to 1750 AD) - Classical rules disregarded, Churrigueresque style
  • Antiquarian Period (1750 to 1830 AD) - Returned to Ancient Classical Models
• Renaissance architecture in Spain

  • The Escorial, Madrid
  • The University, Salamanca
• Baroque architecture


  • Curvaceous, daring forms
  • Ornate and richly gilded
  • Individual elements were secondary to overall effect
  • Ideal integration of the art, architecture, painting and sculpture
  • Dramatic use of light
  • Illusory effects like TROMP L'OEIL
  • Large-scale ceiling FRESCOES
• Baroque architects


  • Francesco Borromini
  • Lorenzo Bernini
• Rococo architecture


  • St. Johannes Nepomuk, Munich (by Asam Brothers)
• Rococo


  An exuberant and delicate flourish of decoration, was an essentially interior style—playfully decorated with flowers, birds, ribbons, etc., vivid colors replaced by pastel shades, also referred to as "Late Baroque"
• Architectural Terminologies


  • Quions
  • Scroll
  • Wreath
  • Chaines
  • Boss
  • Rustication
  • Cortile
  • Astylar
  • Piano Nobile
  • Pietra Serena
  • Pieta Forte
  • Cantoria
• Renaissance means "rebirth" or "revival".
• Italy is considered as the birthplace of the Renaissance, but it spread throughout Europe.
• The Renaissance was the period between the 14th to the 17th century.
• The term “Renaissance” is used to describe the period between the 14th and 17th centuries when there was a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman culture.
• Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance movement.
• Humanism - The belief that humans are capable of great things and can achieve their full potential through education and self-improvement.
• The Renaissance began around 1400 CE and lasted until about 1650 CE.
• During this time period, there were significant changes in art, literature, science, politics, religion, economics, philosophy, and society.
• Humanism - The belief that humans are capable of great things and have inherent value.
• Humanism - The belief that human beings have intrinsic value and dignity, emphasizing individuality, reason, and achievement through secular pursuits such as art, science, literature, and philosophy.
• Individualism - Emphasis on personal freedom and independence from social constraints.
• Secularism - A focus on worldly rather than religious matters; emphasis on the importance of this life over the next one.
• Humanism - The belief that human beings are capable of great things and can achieve their full potential through education and self-improvement.
• Individualism - Emphasis on individuality rather than conforming to societal norms.
• Secularism - An emphasis on worldly pursuits over religious ones.