Review

    Cards (13)

    • Actin polymerization
      Begins by forming a small cluster consisting of three actin monomers, called nucleation
    • Actin binding proteins
      Regulate actin polymerization by binding to a filament's end and blocking subunit addition and loss
    • Energy source for motor proteins
      ATP hydrolysis
    • Microtubule-organizing center in animal cells
      The centrosome
    • Cytoskeletal filaments that form local extensions of the plasma membrane
      Actin filaments
    • Function of non-mitotic kinesin motor proteins

      Intracellular transport (towards the plus end of microtubules)
    • Dynein motor proteins that power the beating of cilia and flagella
      Axonemal dyneins
    • Microtubule-based structure that acts as antennae sensing extracellular signals

      Primary cilia
    • Main role of γ-tubulin ring complex in the centrosome
      It acts as a seed for rapid microtubule growth
    • Spindle microtubules that help chromosomes move toward the spindle poles in Anaphase A
      Kinetochore microtubules
    • Part of intermediate filament structure that determines their specific functions
      The variable head and tail domains
    • Cytoskeletal filament dynamic shown in the figure
      Actin treadmilling
    • How the leading edge extends
      The extension of the leading edge involves the branching and polymerization of actin filaments
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