Population

• BR around the world

  • LIC - low = traditional roles, work in agriculture, high infant mortality rate, lack of contraception and family planning
  • HIC - high = access to contraception, expensive to raise, high proportion elderly people, adults career focused
• Clark fisher model

  1. somalia
  2. vietnam
  3. austria

  
• Population explosion: rapid growth in population that did not follow the trend at 1800
• HIC

  1. It has a beehive shape, with a narrow op and a narrow base, relatively equal size of age groups
  2. It has relatively similar birth rates and death rates, life expectancy is quite high this indicates it is a HIC as there is not anomaly.

  
• MIC

  1. It has a thin pyramid shape with a narrow top and narrow basem it is also concave
  2. Low dependent population, more birth rates that death rates, it is MIC as there is a larger birth rates than death rates, low life expectancy

  
• LIC

  1. Wide base and narrow top, pyramid shape, concave
  2. Youthful population, more birth rates than death rates, hence LIC, low life expectancy
• Death rates

  • healthcare
  • unnatural events (war)
  • natural events
• Birth rates

  • Less/more access to contraception
  • Family planning
  • Traditional values
  • Careers
  • Cost of living
• Demographic transition model

  
• Sustainable population: considering the amount of people compare to the amount of resources and services a country has

  Sustainable = Optimum

  Unsustainable = Over/under populated
• Dependents: Having too many old or young people is bad for a country's economy.

  Old dependents = 65+ (ageing population)

  Working population = 15-64 (optimum)

  Young dependents = 15- (youthful population)
• Dependency ration = No. of dependents/working population x 100
• Population density = number of people who live per square km
• Population distribution = the pattern or where people live in a country
• Sparsely populated = A country with very few people per square km (australia)
• Densely populated = A country will many people per square km (bangladesh)
• Causes of sparse

  • no natural resources
  • mountains, desserts, forest
  • no jobs
  • weather
  • bad education/healthcare
• Causes of dense

  • Near equator (more rain - farming)
  • Near coast (trade)
  • Agriculture
  • Job opportunities
  • Good healthcare/education
• Pro natalist policies: Includes incentives such as financial payments to have more children
• Anti-natalist policies: Policies to encourage people to have fewer children e.g. free eduction for only first child (one-child policy China)