CLASSIFYING AND NAMING ORGANISMS

• Biodiversity


  The variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms, including the ecosystems they inhabit
• Taxonomy


  The science of classifying organisms
• Taxonomy


  • Arranging organisms from general to specific
  • Developed by Carl Linnaeus
  • greek word "taxis" means arrangement and "nomos" means method
• Levels of classification

  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Kingdom Archaea


  Single-celled organisms that are anaerobic or aerobic prokaryotes, found in extreme environments
• Binomial name


  Consists of genus name and specific epithet
• Scientific names are written in italics, with the genus name capitalised
• Kingdoms

  • Archaea
  • Bacteria
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
• Kingdom Archaebacteria

  • Single-celled organisms that are anaerobic and aerobic prokaryotes
  • Thrive in extreme environmental conditions like near volcanic activity
• Classifications of Archaea


  • Methanogens
  • Halophiles
  • Thermophiles
• Methanogens


  Produce methane gas in anaerobic environments
• Halophiles


  Live in areas with high salt concentration
• Thermophiles


  Survive in extreme high temperatures and low pH
• Bacteria (Eubacteria)


  • Unicellular and microscopic
  • Present in almost all surfaces, both living and non-living
• Organisms are ranked from the largest to the smallest group: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
• Bos taurus


  Cow
• Canis familiaris


  Dog
• Fungi that feed on the living plant matter

  Are called heterotrophs
• Classification of Protist

  • Phototrophs - produce their own food
• Examples of Phototrophs

  • Dinoflagellates - live in oceans
  • Euglenoids - inhabits freshwater
  • Algae - green algae are diverse in size and shape, golden algae stores food as oil, brown algae which are mostly macroscopic, red algae are mostly multicellular
• Kingdom Protist

  • referred to as artificial grouping by biologists
  • unicellular
  • some are colonial and multicellular
  • they differ in size, movement, and method of obtaining energy
  • MOST = unicellular
  • SOME = multicellular
  • both SEXUAL and ASEXUAL
• Classification of Kingdom Eubacteria

  (it is based on their shape)

  • Spirillum Bacteria - spiral or comma-shaped
  • Bacillus Bacteria - rod-shaped
  • Coccus Bacteria - round or spherical shaped
• Carolus Linnaeus

  • Swedish botanist
  • developed the modern taxonomic system of classifying organisms
• Monera

  • Archaebacteria
  • Eubacteria
• Monera - all unicellular
• CLASSIFICATIONS OF ARCHAEA

  • Psychrophiles - cold places
  • Acidophiles - acidic places
  • Thermophiles - hot places
  • Methanogens - no oxygen; produce methane gas
  • Halophiles - can survive in high concentration of salt
• 6 BASIS OF CLASSIFYING ORGANISMS

  • Type of cell
  • No. of cell
  • Mode of nutrition
  • Habitat
  • Mode of Reproduction
  • Size and Shape
• ARTIFICIAL GROUPINGS OF KINGDOM PROTIST

  • Phototrophs - produce their own food
  • Heterotrophs - organisms that eat other organisms like plant, animals to obtain energy and nutrients
  • Saprotophs - obtain nutrients from decaying matter
• KINGDOM PROTIST

  • Protozoa - animal-like protists (flagellates, alia, pseudopodia)
  • Sporozoa - fungus-like protist
  • Algae - plant-like protist (brown, red, green, golden)
• WHAT CAUSES RED TIDE?

  Red algae
• Fungi

  • single-celled
  • multicellular
  • BASIS: MODE OF REPRODUCTION (through gametes and spores)
  • CANNOT produce their own food because they have no chlorophyll
  • SOME = unicellular
  • MOST = multicellular
• MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI

  • Zygomycota - asexual and sexual
  • Basidiomycota - asexual and sexual
  • Ascomycota - asexual and sexual
  • Deuteromycota - asexual
• PLANTAE

  • all eukaryotic
  • macroscopic
  • both SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL
  • they use SPORES for reproduction
• BRYOPHYTES

  • lacks vascular tissues
  • absorbs substances through all parts of their body through OSMOSIS (rhizoids)
  • grows mostly in moist, wet, and dark places (for sexual reproduction)
  • they have no true roots, no true stems, no true leaves
• TRACHEOPHYTES

  Sub-groups:

  • Pteridophytes
  • Gymnosperms
  • Angiosperms
• Pteridophytes

  • seedless vascular plants
  • reproduce through SPORES
• Gymnosperms

  • cone-bearing plants
  • seeds are inside the cone
• Angiosperms

  • flowering plants
  • produce seeds encased in fruits