head and neck

• head

  composed of cranium (protects the brain) and face (has facial bones that gives shape)
• all facial bones are immovable except mandible
• the neck is composed of muscle, ligaments, and cervical vertebrae
• two paired muscle that allows movement and provide support to head and neck

  sternomastoid (rotates and flex head) and trapezius (extends head and moves shoulder)
• thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland
• avoid bilaterally compressing tge cartoid artery


  reduces blood supply to the brain
• C7 palpates when neck is flexed
• what should you do if there is an enlarged lymph node?

  identify where is the drainage to check for abnormality in the area
• what will happen if lymph node are overwhelmed by an microorganism?

  (mononucleosis)

  it will swell and become painful
• lumps and lesion that do not heal or dissapear indicates

  cancer
• goiter

  enlarged thyroid gland

  swelling at base of neck

  tight feeling in throath, difficulty breating and swallowing
• hypothyroidism - lacks thyroid hormone

  hyperthyroidism - overactive thyroid
• normal head size

  normocephalic
• small head size

  microcephaly
• larger head size

  acromegaly
• drooping, weakness, paralysis on one side of the face

  bell palsy
• FAST:

  FACE, ARM, SPEECH, TIME
• jugular vein distention - excessive fluid
• fontanelle - space in bone

  • posterior closes early
  • anterior closes late