7.2.10

• TCP/IP model


  Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Model
• TCP/IP model


  • Concise version of the OSI model
  • Suite of communication protocols
• TCP/IP


  Either combines several OSI layers into a single layer, or doesn't use certain layers at all
• Application Layer


  Provides applications with the means to access services of the other layers and defines the protocol used by the applications to exchange data
• Application Layer protocol


  • TELNET - allows for bidirectional interactive communication using a virtual terminal connection
• Transport/Host-to-Host Layer


  Provides the application layer with session and datagram communication services
• Transport/Host-to-Host Layer protocol


  • SCTP - reliable, connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides the same services to applications that are available from TCP
• Network/Internet Layer


  Provides addressing, packaging and routing functions
• Network/Internet Layer protocol


  • FTP/S - based on the client and server model architecture and is used to transfer files between the client and the server on the network
• Benefits of TCP/IP

  • Helps establish a connection between different types of computers
  • Works independently from the operating system
  • Has client-server architecture that is highly scalable
  • Can be operated independently
  • Supports several routing protocols
  • Is lightweight and doesn't place unnecessary strain on a network or computer
• Drawbacks of TCP/IP


  • Can be quite complicated to set up and manage
  • Transport layer doesn't guarantee delivery of packets
  • Not easy to replace protocols in TCP/IP
  • Doesn't clearly separate the concepts of services interfaces and protocols, so not good for describing new technologies in new networks
  • Especially vulnerable to a SYN (synchronisation) attack, which is a type of denial-of-service attack in which a bad actor uses TCP/IP protocol