Packaging Chapter 4 Part 1

• Packaging


  Art and technology of enclosing and protecting goods for transportation; handling, storage; sales; delivery and presentation for use
• Functions of packaging


  • Marketing/Promotion
  • Logistics
• Marketing function of packaging


  To promote a product. Packaging: size; mass; colour; printed information attracts attention and conveys information about the product
• Packaging benefits for Logistics

  • Protects the product from damage and damaging other products
  • Makes it easier to store, transport and handle products
  • Reduces logistics costs
  • Can add value e.g. extending life span of products
  • Helps distribution via unit loads
  • Creates Hygiene and safety
  • Eliminates risks of poisonous, dangerous chemicals
• Levels of Packaging


  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary (unit load)
• Primary Packaging


  First layer of packaging: of which that contains the product. This layer protects and preserves the product.
• Secondary Packaging


  Second layer of packaging that contains the product.
• Tertiary Packaging (unit load)


  Packages are unitised into a single item for easy handling; storage and shipping.
• Packaging impacts on Logistics activities

  • Warehousing
  • Transport: Air, Road and Rail, Sea
• Packaging impacts on Warehousing

  • Affects warehouse efficiency: how high goods (or unit loads) can be stored
  • Affects protection of goods during storing and handling
  • Damaged goods cause losses and bad customer service
  • Packaging size affects the warehouse equipment to be used
  • Packaging contains product information used in warehousing management systems e.g. barcoding
• Packaging impacts on Air Transport

  • Goods transported via air is affected by environmental forces e.g. air pressure, turbulence, temperature
  • Air liners have their own packaging requirements
• Packaging impacts on Road and Rail Transport

  • In-transit care activities needed to secure goods on vehicles
  • Bedding on the floor of vehicles and strapping to hold products are needed to prevent damage
  • Products are exposed to vibrations and shocks due to road conditions and driver behaviour, and bad weather conditions
  • Rail transport requires stable and secure packaging due to heavy shaking (on rail track) and vibrations
• Packaging impacts on Sea Transport

  • Goods moved via sea are exposed to extreme heat, humidity, rain, ships swaying side to side, and sea salt resulting in moisture damage and corrosion