Atmosphere

• Atmosphere


  All the air surrounding the earth, consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. Blanket of air surrounding the earth
• Atmospheric gases


  • Nitrogen - most abundant (78% of the atmosphere)
  • Oxygen - 20%
  • Methane - given off by decaying living things
  • Carbon dioxide - gas exhaled by man, animals, and given-off by factories and vehicles
• Air pressure


  Force exerted by air on a given area. Measured in the SI or metric in Kg per cm(K/cm2). It changes as altitude changes.
• Newton


  Unit of force
• Pascal


  The unit of pressure
• Pressure


  The amount of force exerted per unit area
• Wind


  The horizontal movement of the air on the surface of the earth
• Types of wind


  • South wind - wind coming from the south
  • North wind - wind coming from the north
  • Breeze - a gentle wind
  • Sea breeze - a breeze that originates from the ocean
• During the night, the land cools faster than water


  The warm air pushed upward and the cooler air moves towards the land
• Monsoon


  The changing direction of winds from season to season
• Wind vane


  An apparatus that shows where the wind is coming from
• Anemometer


  An instrument used to measuring the wind speed
• Weather balloon


  Used to measure the wind speed
• Low Pressure Area


  Areas with rapidly decreasing pressure indicates an approaching storm
• High Pressure Area


  This indicates clear skies and a dry condition
• Weather


  The state of the atmosphere with regard to temperature, cloudiness, rainfall, wind, and other meteorological conditions
• Climate


  The average weather or the regular variations in weather in a region over a period of years
• Hydrology


  - the study of earth's water on and within the earth
• Humidity 


  moisture content of the atmosphere
• Dew point


  the temperature at which condensation of water molecules occurs
• Dew 


   the water droplets formed on the surface caused by condensation
• Frost 


  at a very low temperature or at 0oC, water vapour will condense on surfaces as a solid
• Cloud 


   very tiny droplets of water also condense in the sky
• Cumulus 


   if the cloud is piled up or accumulated, which is about 300 to 1,000 m above the earth’s surface. This is formed by the rapid rising of moist air over a small area and is usually noticed during fair weather
• Stratus 


  which is 2 to 7 km, the spread-out that looks like gray sheets at low levels
• Cirrus 


  a cloud that looks like fibers of hairs
• Fog 


  is also a cloud forms near the surface of the earth
• Cumulo-nimbus


  nimbus means stormy
• Precipitation 


   any form of water that condenses and fails back to

  the earth’s surface
• Hydrologic cycle


  the continuous cycle of water
• Air pressure


  force exerted by air on a given area. Measured in the SI or metric in Kg per cm(K/cm2). It changes as altitude changes.
• Wind 


  the horizontal movement of the air on the surface of the earth
• South wind


  wind coming from the south
• North wind


  wind coming from the north
• Breeze 


  a gentle wind
• Sea breeze


  a breeze that originates from the ocean
• Monsoon 


   the changing direction of winds from season to season
• Wind vane


   an apparatus that shows where the wind is coming from
• Anemometer 


  an instrument used to measuring the wind speed
• Weather balloon

   used to measure the wind speed