SAMPLING TECHS

• Sampling Techniques

  
• Sampling refers to the process of selecting a sample of

  individuals who will participate in a part of the study.
• A random number is a number determined totally by chance

  with no predictable relationship to any other number.
• The sampling Technique is a procedure for selecting the

  individuals or members of the sample from the population.
• The Sampling frame is the actual list of individuals where the

  respondents will be sampled from. Ideally,
• Simple random sampling involves selecting a sample from a population in such a way that every individual or item in the population has an equal chance of being chosen.

  
• Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth individual from the population to be included in the sample. The first individual is randomly selected, and then every nth individual thereafter is chosen. (Interval)

  
• Stratified random sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups (or strata) based on certain characteristics, and then taking random samples from each subgroup proportionally.

  
• Cluster sampling involves dividing the population into clusters or groups, randomly selecting some of these clusters, and then sampling all individuals within the selected clusters.
• Non-Probability Sampling Techniques

  Convenience Sampling ; nearest

  Purposive/Judgment Sampling ; to select

  Quota Sampling ; quotas

  Snowball Sampling ; referrals

  Voluntary Sampling ; volunteer
• A null hypothesis, denoted by H0 (read as H naught), is a

  statement that there is no significant difference between a

  parameter and a specific value.
• The alternative hypothesis,

  denoted by Ha or H1, is the opposite or negation of the null

  hypothesis. It is a statement that there exists a difference

  between a parameter and a specific value.
• Null Hypothesis: The average weight loss for a sample of people

  who exercise 30 minutes per day for 6 weeks is equal to 3.7

  kilograms
• Alternative Hypothesis: The average weight loss for a sample

  of people who exercise 30 minutes per day for 6 weeks is greater

  than 3.7 kilograms (μ > 3.7).
• ✓ If a zero correlation exists,

  then the points on the scatter plot are randomly scattered.
• A perfect correlation exists when all the points on the scatter

  plot lie on a straight line.
• A negative correlation exists if

  high values in one variable are

  associated with low values in

  one variable.
• ✓ If a positive correlation exists, then the points on the scatter

  plot closely follow a straight line slanting up to the right.