Chapter 14

• In the centre of the atom is a part called the nucleus
• Around the nucleus are electrons
• Electrons are particles which are much smaller than the nucleus
• Some of the electrons around the atom are free to move around
• MEANING 1: Static electricity is electricity, that once generated, did not move

  
  

  MEANING 2: A type of energy due to charged particles staying in one place
• Materials that are electrical conductors allow electrons to move through them
• Materials called electrical insulators did not let electrons pass
• The device that was invented to drive the electrons is called a cell
• When a group of cells are linked together, they form a battery
• The moving electrons form a current of electrcity
• Simple circuits are used in science to investigate the properties of electricity and the effects of bringing different electrical components together
• The wires of the circuit are composed of atoms that are held tightly together but around them are many electrons that are free to move.
• The metal filament in the lamp and the metal parts of the switch have free electrons
• Electrical current is the flowing of charged particles from one place to another
• Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge
• LAW OF ELECTRICAL CHARGES:

  Opposite charges attract, similar charges repel
• ELECTRICAL SAFETY:

  Recognizing hazards associated with the use of electrical energy and taking precautions so that hazards do not cause injuries or death
• ELECTRICAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS:

  1. Keep electrical equipment away from water
  2. Avoid contact with power lines
  3. Use a licensed electrical conductor
  4. Ground electrical equipment
  5. Install properly and tidy electrical cords
  6. Don't DIY
  7. Unplug electrical safely
  8. Don't press or overstretch electrical cords
  9. Don't fasten cords with staples
  10. Don't hang electrical equipment from cords
• More cells can produce more electric current
• More cells give higher ammeter and brighter light
• Name: Lamp

  
• Name: Open Switch

  
• Name: Closed Switch

  
• Name: Cell

  
• Name: Battery

  
• Name: Voltmeter

  
• Name: Buzzer

  
• Name: Bell

  
• Name: Motor

  
• Name: Ammeter

  
• Name: Fuse

  
• Name: Inductor

  
• Name: Resistor

  
• Name: Resistorz

  
• Name: Amplifier

  
• In a closed circuit, there are no gaps, and a path is made, along which the electrons can flow
• In an open circuit, the path is broken and the electrons cannot flow
• The energy to move the electrons comes from the cell
• The chemical reactions take place in the cell make the electrons leave the cell at the negative terminal when the circuit is completed. They push their way into the wire and move the other electrons along, creating a flow or current of electricity
• At the positive terminal, electrons are drawn back inside the cell