Module 2

• Moral Standards


  those laws or commands that allow specific actions to be committed or those that disallow actions contrary to these norms.
• Ethical standards


  are principles that when followed, promote values such as honesty, patience, respect, and kindness.
• Development of Moral Standards

  During childhood, moral standards are absorbed from family, friends and

  various societal institutions as a positive regulating mechanism to

  ensure that appropriate code of conduct is observed among its members.
• Moral standards deal with matters, which can seriously injure or seriously benefit human beings while it is not the case with non-moral standards.


  non-moral standards include the standards of etiquette by which we judge manners as good or bad,
• Morality


  may refer to the standards that a person or a group has about what is right and wrong, or good and evil.
• moral standards involve the rules people have about the kinds of actions they believe are morally right and wrong, as well as the values they place on the kinds of objects they believe are morally good and morally bad.
• non-moral standards refer to rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations.
• (6) characteristics of moral standards

  • Moral standards involve serious wrongs or significant benefits.
  • Moral standards ought to be preferred to other values.
  • Moral standards are not established by authority figures.
  • Moral standards have the trait of universalizability.
  • Moral standards are based on impartial considerations.
  • Moral standards are associated with special emotions and vocabulary.
• Moral standards involve serious wrongs or significant benefits.


  Moral standards deal with matters which can seriously impact, that is, injure or

  benefit human beings.
• Moral standards ought to be preferred to other values.


  Moral standards have an overriding character or hegemonic authority.
• Moral standards are not established by authority figures.


  Moral standards are not invented, formed, or generated by authoritative bodies or persons such as nations' legislative bodies. Ideally, instead, these values ought to be considered in the process of making laws.
• Moral standards have the trait of universalizability.


  moral principles must apply to all who are in the relevantly similar situation.
• Universalizability


  is an extension of the principle of consistency, that is, one ought to be consistent about one's value judgments.
• Golden Rule

  "Do unto others what you would them do unto you
• Moral standards are based on impartial considerations.


  Moral standard does not evaluate standards on the basis of the interests of a certain person or group, but one that goes beyond personal interests to a

  universal standpoint in which each person's interests are impartially counted

  as equal.
• Moral standards are associated with special emotions and vocabulary.


  Prescriptivity indicates the practical or action-guiding nature of moral standards . These principles are proposed for use, to advice, and to influence to action. Retroactively, this feature is used to evaluate behavior, to assign praise and blame, and to produce feelings of satisfaction or of guilt.