The Global Interstate System

• Globalization has dispersed political and economic power beyond the state
• Four Challenges:

  1. Traditional challenges
  2. Challenges from national or identity movements
  3. Global Economics
  4. Global Social Movements
• Traditional Challenges:

  • External Intervention by other countries
  • Internal Political challenges
  • Regional Organization challenging state autonomy
• External Intervention by other countries

  • this is a case wherein Powerful Nations intervene with the issues and affairs of other nations
• Internal Political challenges

  • come from the state’s own internal nonconformists
• Regional Organization challenging state autonomy

  • Challenges coming from different International Organizations
• Challenges from National/Identity Movements

  • Different people with different identities and beliefs who live in different states may challenge the government to recognize their unique Ideologies and Identity all over that state.
• Global Economics

  • demands the states to conform to the rules of free-market capitalism
• Thomas Friedman as "Golden StraightJacket"

  • wherein States are forced into policies that suit the preferences of investment houses and corporate executives who transfer Capital and resources into countries favored as adaptable to the demands of international business.
• Economic Crises

  • can force the government to subscribe to the terms of the global financial market in order to recover economic stability.
• Global Social Movements

  • movements of people that are spontaneous or that emerge through large grassroots organizations
  • operate across the world
  • states cannot have absolute control over them
• Example of Global Social Movements

  • Human Rights Movement
  • Environmental Movement
  • Women rights Movement
• Globalization

  • triggers competition in economic, policy, political systems, and etc
• Governments

  • are now dealing with many stakeholders such as civil society, markets, international organization, and sub national political authorities.
• Citizen, Civil Society organization, and corporations

  • are now seeking opportunities beyond the borders of their home country
• International Relations

  • Interactions among states (Nations)
  • Inter-governmental organization
  • Non-government organization
  • Multinational corporations
• Peace Treaties and Military Alliances

  • United Nations
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organizations (NATO)
• Social and Economic Growth

  • Red Cross
  • Doctors without Borders
  • Amnesty International
  • Save the Children
  • Oxfam
• Global Economy

  • World Trade Organization
  • North American Free Trade Agreement
• United Nations (UN)

  • founded in 1995, has 193 member states
  • republic of South Sudan (newest member)
  • Four functions: military, economic, environmental issues, and human protection
  • Main Goal: maintain peace and order
  • conducts forums
• North Atlantic Treaty Organizations (NATO)

  • is a defensive treaty or a military alliance among the United States, Canada, and other European Countries
• Red Cross (Red Crescent in Muslim Countries)

  • They are organized in 1863 to help those wounded by wars
  • independent and neutral organization
• Doctors without Borders

  • providing medical aid where it's needed most
  • founded in 1971
  • independent and global movement
• Oxford Committee for famine relief (Oxfam)

  • fighting inequality to beat poverty and social inequalities
  • formed in 1942
  • independent
• Save the Children

  • helps children across the world
  • founded in 1919 by Eglantyne Jebb and Dorothy Buxton
  • alleviate hunger in Germany during World War 1
• Amnesty International

  • campaigns for the human rights of everyone. The original intention of this movement was to appeal in Britain
  • 1961 by Peter Benenson
• World Trade Organization (WTO)

  • primary goal is to foster free trade wherein taxes and tariffs on foreign goods and commodities are eliminated or reduced
• North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

  • It is an economic treaty between the US. Canada, and Mexico
  • to eliminate barriers to trade, lessen trading cost, increase business investment, and to help North America to be globally competitive.
• How Can We Contribute to the International Relations?

  ➢ Awareness of Current Events

  ➢ Practicing our rights to suffrage

  ➢ Supporting Humanitarian Causes

  ➢ Being a responsible citizen who knows their duties and responsibilities in society
• How can International Relations Contribute to us?

  ➢ It helps us by addressing different issues related to making our lives better:

  o Human Rights

  o Environment protection

  o Reduction of poverty

  o Health care

  o Peace and Security
• Internationalism

  • the principle of cooperation among nations, for the promotion of their common good
  • cooperation among countries is beneficial for everyone
• 3 Concepts of Internationalism

  1. Hegemonic internationalism
  2. Revolutionary Internationalism
  3. Liberal Internationalism
• Hegemonic internationalism

  • unequal terms with the dominance of one nation or nation-state over others
  • a particular country has exerted a dominating influence over other groups or societies.
• Revolutionary Internationalism:

  • conflicts within societies ascend due to international factors and alliances.
• Liberal Internationalism

  • peace and prosperity can be attained through cooperation and collaboration between and among countries
• Globalism

  • is the idea that events in one nation cannot be separated from those in another and that economic and foreign policy should be planned in an international way
• Globalism

  • seeks to describe and explain nothing more than a world which is characterized by networks of connections that span multi-continental distances
• Four dimensions of Globalism by Joseph Nye

  1. Economic Globalism
  2. Environmental Globalism
  3. Military Globalism
  4. Social and Cultural Globalism
• Economic Globalism

  • long-distance flows of goods that accompany market exchange
• Environmental globalism

  • long-distance transport of materials in the atmosphere that affect human health and well-being