8B

• Nomenclature system

  A standardized set of rules for naming compounds
• IUPAC names

  • Packed with information about the type of compound, intermolecular attractions, and general properties
• Only very familiar compounds use common names
• Binary covalent compounds

  Compounds named using a system of Greek prefixes
• Greek prefixes


  • mono- (1)
  • di- (2)
  • tri- (3)
  • tetra- (4)
  • penta- (5)
  • hexa- (6)
  • hepta- (7)
  • octa- (8)
  • nona- (9) deca- (10)
• The prefix 'mono-' is only used for the second element
• The least electronegative element comes first in the name
• If there are adjacent vowels, one is dropped
• Oxyanions

  Oxygen-containing anions
• Stock system

  Used to indicate the oxidation state of a metal in an ionic compound by placing a Roman numeral after the element's name
• Hydrates


  Compounds that contain a characteristic amount of water in their crystalline structures
• Anhydrous

  Compounds with no water in their crystalline structure
• Binary acids

  Acids containing hydrogen and one other nonmetal
• Ternary acids

  Acids containing hydrogen, oxygen, and a nonmetal
• the only positive polyatomic ions are

  • ammonium
  • mercurous
• binary ionic compounds

  • named after the two ions involved
  • only applies to 2 element compounds that consists pf a metal and non metal
  • cations come first, anions are last and has the suffix “-ide”
  • for metal hydride, metals always appear first, followed by hydrogen
• oxygen anions

  • contain oxygen and another element
  • often have 2 or more forms with different number of the same elements
• if there are 2 forms of oxyanions

  the lowest number of oxygen in a compound will have “-ite” as their suffix, and the higher one wil have “-ate”
• for some polyatomic elements, especially those with halogens, have more than two forms of oxyanions

  • most oxygen: ”per”_____ “-ate”
  • 2nd most: “-ate”
  • lesser oxygen: “-ite”
  • least oxygen: ”hypo”____”-ite”