File organization, streams, buffers.

• The smallest use of data is the Character. A character can be any letter, number, or other special symbol (such as !) that makes up data.
• a field is a group of characters that has some meaning. Fields are grouped together to form records.
• A record is a collection of fields that contain data about entity. Records are grouped to create files.
• a File consists of related records.
• When each record in a file accessed one after another in the order in which it was stored, the data file is used as sequential access file.
• A record's fields can be organized into a single line or can be separated by a character. Values in a record that are separated by commas are called comma-separated values.
• A stream is a flow of data.
• If the data is taken from a source and its delivered into a program, it is called an input stream.
• If the data is delivered from a program to a destination it's called an output stream.
• A buffer is a memory location
• Flushing clears any bytes that have been sent to a buffer for output but have not yet been displayed on a hardware device.