contemp

• Global Government


  • Bentham
  • Kant
• Global Governance


  Various intersecting processes that create this order
• Sources of Global Governance

  • Treaties
  • Organization
• International Non-Governmental Organizations


  • Have no formal state power, can lobby individual states to behave in a certain way
• Powerful transnational corporations


  • Can have tremendous effects on global labor laws, environmental legislation, trade policy, etc.
  • Ideas such as the need for "global democracy" or the "good governance" can influence the ways international actors behave
• International Organization


  • Amalgamation of various states' interests
  • Venues where the contradicting but sometimes intersecting, agendas of countries were discussed
• Power of Classification


  • They can invent and apply categories
  • They create powerful global standards
• Power to Diffuse Norms

  • Norms are accepted codes of conduct that may not be strict law but nevertheless produce regularity in behavior
• Power to Fix Meanings

  • The meanings they create have effects on various policies
• United Nations


  • Formed after the collapse of the League of Nations at the end of World War II
  • Reflects the typical fears, suspicions, and prejudices which beset human relations throughout the world
• Five Permanent Members of the Security Council

  • UK
  • US
  • China
  • Russia
  • France
• Collective Security


  The idea that states in a collective security agreement agree to respond together to an attack on one member in hopes that such an arrangement will deter potential aggressors
• Main Organs of the United Nations

  • The UN Charter
  • The Security Council
  • The General Assembly
  • The Economic and Social Council
  • The Secretary General
  • The International Court of Justice
  • The Trusteeship Council

  
• Purpose of the United Nations

  • To maintain peace & security
  • To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights & self-determination of the peoples
  • To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, & humanitarian character
  • To promote and encourage respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion
  • To be a center for harmonizing the actions in attaining these common ends
• Security Council


  • The realist heart of an organization with a liberal mission
  • The five most powerful countries after WWII have the right to veto any proposed resolution, which gives them more power than any other members
• General Assembly


  • The place on earth where the world's government can all meet together to deliberate and where each member has one vote
• Responsibilities of the General Assembly

  • It can bring issues to the attention of the Security Council
  • It can often make recommendations to UN member states and the Security Council
  • It can initiate studies that seek to promote international cooperation in a variety of fields
  • It approves UN's budget
  • Together with Security Council, It elects the International Court of Justice's judges and appoints the UN's Secretary-General
• Economic and Social Council

  • Set up by the UN Charter to take the lead on discussing, studying, and researching issues that went beyond security – or "international economic, social, cultural, educational, health and related matters"
  • It is essentially a deliberative forum, which gives it the ability to discuss, research, initiate and deepen dialogue with a variety of factors including civil society and academics but no power
• Secretary General


  Administer the UN's peace keeping operations, prepare studies on a variety of issues, translate documents, organize conferences and work with the international media, among other things
• International Court of Justice

  • Has two primary duties: To settle disputes between member states
  • To offer advisory opinions to the UN and its specified agencies
• Trusteeship Council


  Its job was to administer "Trust Territories" placed under its care and to help these territories move toward self-government or independence
• Regionalism


  • Governments, associations, societies and groups form regional organizations and/or networks as a way of coping with the challenges of globalization
  • Can be examined in relation to identities, ethics, religion, ecological sustainability and health
  • Is a process and must be treated as an emergent, socially constituted phenomenon
• Basic Features of a Region

  • A group of countries located in the same geographically specified area
  • An amalgamation of two regions or a combination of more than two regions
• Regionalization


  Refers to the regional concentration of economic flows
• Regionalism


  A political process characterized by economic policy cooperation and coordination among countries
• Reasons Why Countries Form Regional Associations

  • Military defense
  • To protect their independence from the pressures of superpower politics
  • To pool resources, get better returns for their exports as well as expand their leverage against trading partners
  • Economic crisis compels countries to come together
• Non-State Regionalism


  • Varies from tiny associations that include no more than a few actors and focus on a single issue to huge continental unions that address a multitude of common problems from territorial defense to food security
  • Organization representing this new regionalism rely on the power of individuals, non-governmental organizations and associations to link up with one another in pursuit of a particular goal
  • Identified with reformists who share the same values, norms, institutions and system that exist outside of the traditional, established mainstream
• Non-State Regionalism in Southeast Asia


  • The organization of an ASEAN Parliamentarians for Human Rights was in part the result of non-government organizations and civil society groups pushing to prevent discrimination, uphold political freedom and promote democracy and human rights throughout the regions
• Non-State Regionalism


  • The Migrant Forum in Asia is another regional network of NGOs and trade unions committed to protect and promote the rights and welfare of migrant workers
• New Regionalism vs Traditional Regionalism


  • New regionalism advocates such as the NGO global forum see issues as reflections of flawed economic development plans that are market-based, profit driven, and hardly concerned with social welfare, especially among the poor
  • Disagreement surface over issues like gender and religion
• Contemporary Challenges to Regionalism

  • The resurgence of militant nationalism and populism
  • Continuing financial crisis
  • Disagreement over the extent to which member countries should sacrifice their sovereignty for the sake of regional stability
  • Differing vision of what regionalism should be for. Western government may see regional organization not simply as economic formation but also as instruments of political democratization
• Religion


  • Assumes that there is the possibility of communication between humans and transcendent God, Allah or Yahweh
  • Defines and judges human actions in moral terms (good or bad)
• Globalization and Religion


  • Religious people are less concerned with wealth and all that comes along with it
  • Religious person's main duty is to live a virtuous, sin-less life such that when he/she dies, he/she is assured of a place in the otherworld
  • Globalists are less worried about what happens in the afterlife and more concerned with material wealth and success in this life
• Contemporary challenges to regionalism

  • Agreement surface over issues like gender and religion
  • The resurgence of militant nationalism and populism
  • Continue financial crisis
  • Disagree over the extent to which member countries should sacrifice their sovereignty for the sake of regional stability
  • Differing vision of what regionalism should be for. Western government may see regional organization not simply as economic formation but also as instruments of political democratization
• Religion


  • Assumes that there is the possibility of communication between humans and transcendent
  • God, Allah or Yahweh defines and judges human actions in moral terms (good or bad)
• Religious people


  Less concerned with wealth and all that comes along with it
• Religious person's main duty

  To live a virtuous, sin-less life such that when he/she dies, he/she is assured of a place in the otherworld
• Globalists


  Less worried about whether they will end up in heaven or hell
• Globalists' skills


  More pedestrian as they aim to seal trade deals, raise the profits of private enterprises, improved government revenue collections, protect the elites from being excessively taxed by the state and naturally enriched themselves
• Globalization and religion


  • Religious evangelization is in itself a form of globalization
  • The globalist ideal, is focused on the realm of the market
  • The religious concerned with spreading holy ideas globally
  • Globalist wishes to spread goods and services