HEALTH ASSESSMENT 1ST YEAR MIDTERMS

• NCM 203 LEC: HEALTH ASSESSMENT
• TOPIC: GENERAL SURVEY
• 2ND SEMESTER | S.Y 2021-2022
• CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR: MR. ALDRIN ANTONE
• Physical assessment


  A systematic, comprehensive, continuous collection, validation and communication of client's data using a variety of methods
• Assessing appearance and mental status

  1. Explain the procedure to the patient

  2. Do handwashing

  3. Provide privacy
• Mental status


  How a patient responds to a particular question/s of a healthcare worker
• If the patient cannot answer your questions, it means he/she is disoriented or there is a problem with the level of consciousness of the patient
• Lethargic - Compromised level of consciousness
• Sample questions


  • Patient's name
  • Patient's birthdate
  • Patient's current location
  • Patient's current location status
  • Current Time
• Physical assessments


  Observe body built, height and weight in relation to the client's age, lifestyle and health
• Height should be proportionate to arm span. If not, consider Marfan's syndrome
• Syndrome


  Collection of signs and symptoms
• Marfan syndrome


  • Hereditary disorder that affects the body's connective tissues, long limbs in proportion to the trunk of the patient
  • Eye problems, long arm and fingers

  
• Marfan syndrome: signs and symptoms


  • Disproportionately long legs
  • Extreme tall and slender build
  • Long, narrow face
  • High arched neck and crowded teeth
  • Indented or protruding sternum
  • Dislocated lenses of the eyes
  • High pressure in the eye
  • Cystic changes in the lungs
  • Flexible joints
  • Flat feet
  • Curved spine
  • Abnormal heart sounds
• Turner's syndrome


  • Chromosomal anomaly in female births, missing an X chromosome on the 23rd pair
• Turner's syndrome: signs and symptoms


  • Short stature
  • Characteristic facial features
  • Low hairline
  • Fold of skin
  • Constriction of aorta
  • Shield-shaped thorax
  • Poor breast development
  • Widely spaced nipples
  • Elbow deformity
  • Shortened metacarpal IV
  • Rudimentary ovaries, Gonadal streak (underdeveloped gonadal structures)
  • Brown spots
  • No menstruations
• Gigantism


  Increase activity of anterior pituitary gland, problem in the growth hormone
• Marfan syndrome


  Disorder of connective tissues, has heart abnormalities (which means there is also a pulmonary problem), inherited gene defects in fibrilin
• Gigantism


  Enlarged soft tissue and late closure of the growth/epiphyseal plates (which means continuous growth)
• Epiphyseal line


  Closed, plate/stopped growing
• Dwarfism


  A person with short stature
• Causes of dwarfism


  • Gonadal dysgenesis (XO = Turner Syndrome)
  • Bone & Metabolic diseases
  • Idiopathic - no known cause or constitutional delayed growth
  • Abuse & neglect (independent of nutrition)
  • Genetic Mutations
• Achondroplasia


  Most common form of dwarfism, when growth plate chondrocytes inhibit from functioning & proliferating, early closure of the epiphyseal plate, stunts growth (but have average size of torso)
• Types of dwarfism


  • Proportionate - Same size all over
  • Disproportionate - May have some average-size parts
• Sthenic body type


  Average height, well-developed musculature, wide shoulders, flat abdomen, oval face, muscular, thick-set individual, broad chest, high diaphragm, stomach tends to lie transversely, gallbladder is high in the abdomen (away from midline), transverse colon is also high
• Hypersthenic body type


  Short, stocky, may be obese, broader chest, thicker abdominal wall, rectangular-shaped face, very muscular, thick-set individual, broad chest, high diaphragm, stomach tends to lie transversely, gallbladder is horizontal high in the abdomen (away from the midline)
• Asthenic body type


  Long, thin-chested lean individual, lower positioned organs (diaphragm, stomach, gallbladder, and transverse colon), stomach and transverse colon descended into pelvis (during erect position), exaggeration of the hyposthenic type
• Hyposthenic body type


  Tall, willowy, poorly developed musculature, long, flat chest, abdomen may sag, long neck, triangular face, similar to asthenic but features mentioned are not as marked

  
• Cachectic (cachexia)


  Profound and marked malnutrition, wasting, ill health
• Debilitated


  Weak, feeble, lack of strength, with weaknesses and loss of energy
• Kwashiorkor


  Patients that has a problem with their protein ingestion, protein ingested are not enough, malnutrition
• Marasmus


  Old man's face, aside from protein, lack of all nutrition
• Failure to thrive


  Physical and developmental delay or retardation in infants and children, seen in children with illness but more in those with psychosocial or maternal deprivation
• Maternal deprivation


  Lack of care from the mother, no breastfeeding
• Endomorph


  Stocky build, with prominent abdomen
• Ectomorph


  Tall with long and lean limbs
• Mesomorph


  Husky and muscular body
• Body Mass Index (BMI)

  Ratio of your weight and height
• Calculating BMI


  1. Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared

  2. Weight in pounds multiplied to 700, divide by height in inches, and divide again by height in inches