Kaplan

• abdominal quadrants


  An approach to the geography of the abdominopelvic

  region most commonly used in a clinical setting, dividing

  the abdomen into four quarters.
• abdominopelvic cavity


  The diaphragm divides the ventral body cavity into two

  parts: a superior part enclosed by the ribcage called the

  thoracic cavity, and the inferior abdominopelvic cavity
• adhesion molecules


  Allow the cells of a tissue to recognize one another and

  stick together.
• adipocytes


  Fat cells derived from fibroblasts. The interior of each

  adipocyte is dominated by a droplet of fat.
• adipose tissue


  Specialized tissue for the storage of fat.
• ADP


  An energy-depleted form of ATP.
• anatomical position


  The subject or patient is erect, facing the viewer, with feet

  pointed ahead, arms at the sides, and the palms of the hands

  turned forward.
• appendicular region


  One of the fundamental regions of the body, consisting of

  the limbs or extremities.
• ATP


  Within the mitochondria, the energy from the oxidation of

  foodstuffs is applied to the synthesis of ATP, the general

  chemical energy source for energy-requiring cellular

  processes.
• axial region


  One of the fundamental regions of the body, consisting of

  the head, neck, and trunk
• bilayer


  Double layer
• blood plasma


  A fluid component containing salts; some organic solutes;

  dissolved gases and proteins.
• body cavities


  Body cavities are hollow spaces within the body that

  contain internal organs: dorsal (includes cranial cavity and

  spinal canal), ventral (includes thoracic cavity and

  abdominopelvic cavity), and scrotal (present in males

  only).
• bone marrow


  The site of synthesis of blood cells in adults
• canaliculus


  Small channels that allow nutrients and oxygen to reach

  osteocytes and cellular wastes to be removed
• cancellous bone


  Bones consist of an outer covering of compact (dense)

  bone surrounding a core of cancellous (spongy) bone.
• cardiac muscle


  Makes up the walls of the heart and is responsible for

  circulating blood to all parts of the body
• cartilage


  A strong, flexible, smooth material composed of collagen

  and chondroitin that, in adults, supports some soft tissues;

  covers the ends of bones; and provides bearing surfaces for

  joints.
• chondrocytes


  Cells that secrete cartilage
• chondroitin


  A type of intercellular substance formed by connective

  tissues. A tough, flexible material that is a major

  component of cartilage, one form of connective tissue
• collagen


  A type of intercellular substance formed by connective

  tissues composed of giant, fibrous molecules that may be

  arranged in bundles or as a mesh
• columnar


  Cells that are cylindrical with heights greater than their

  widths.
• compact bone


  An outer covering that surrounds a core of cancellous bone

  composed of units called osteons.
• connective tissue


  Holds body parts together and contributes to the structural

  integrity of the other tissue types.
• connective tissue proper


  Composes a loosely arranged structural framework for

  almost every tissue.
• cranial cavity


  Within the skull, containing the brain
• cuboidal


  Cells that are approximately as wide as they are tall.
• cytoplasm


  The intracellular fluid
• cytoskeleton


  The scaffold of filaments within the cytoplasm that allow

  the cell to maintain a form and to move.
• differentiation


  A process in which unspecialized cells acquire specific

  cellular structures and become specialized to perform

  specific functions.
• directional terms


  The terms used to describe the relationships of individual

  structures and regions.
• ectoderm


  In the earliest stages of embryonic development, the

  outermost layer of the unspecialized embryonic cells that

  separate into three layers.
• elastin


  A type of intercellular substance formed by connective

  tissues composed of giant, fibrous molecules that may be

  arranged in bundles or as a mesh.
• endocrine glands


  Formed by epithelial cells, the endocrine glands secrete

  chemical messengers called hormones into the blood.
• endoderm


  In the earliest stages of embryonic development, the

  innermost layer of the unspecialized embryonic cells that

  separate into three layers.
• endoplasmic reticulum


  An internal membrane system that contains proteins and

  lipids destined for various metabolic fates within the cell,

  for secretion to the exterior, or for incorporation into the

  plasma membrane.
• epithelial tissue


  A specific tissue that develops from the ectoderm and

  endoderm, consisting of sheets of cells. Typically,

  epithelia form barriers between the interior of the body and

  the external environment, covering the body's surface and

  lining hollow internal organs.
• erythrocytes


  Red blood cells
• exocrine glands


  Secrete substances by way of ducts to the exterior, for

  example, the salivary glands of the mouth and the sweat

  glands of the skin.
• extrinsic


  Extrinsic membrane proteins are less tightly attached and

  may be removed by chemical treatments that do not

  dissolve the membrane.