Electromagnetic

• Electrolysis is the process by which an electric current causes chemical reactions at electrodes.
• Spectrophotometry


  measurement of light intensity
• spectrophotometry 


  uses cuvette to measure
• Cuvette 


  can be round, square or rectangle
• Detectors

  similar to solar panel; convert light energy to electric energy
• Photodiode arrays 


  save to reach certain voltage; 5 voltage
• LED

  light emission diode
• Blue flame 


  luminous flame
• red flame 


  lithium, strontium, rubidium
• monochromatic light 


  selectively particular
• Nichrome 


  nickel and chromium
• Orange flame 


  calcium
• violet flame 


  potassium
• radiation


  form of energy that shows electric and magnetic field
• electromagnetic radiation 


  travels as stream of energy packets in the form of wave
• energy packets 


  photons or quanta
• Wavelength 


  linear distance between any two successive peaks
• Frequency 


  number of complete cycles or oscillation passing a given point per second
• Frequency and wavelength of a radiation are inversely related
• Energy of EMR is inversely proportional to the wavelength and directly proportional to the frequency
• RGB 


  digital medium
• CMYK 


  print medium
• CMYK

  Cyan Magenta Yellow Key
• RGB

  Red Green Blue
• Lambda Max 


  optimum absorbance of each substance
• Lambda max 


  The wavelength at which a substance has its strongest photon absorption
• Wavelength accuracy

  • didymium filter
  • cobalt chloride
• Didymium filter 


  peak at 585 nm
• nm

  nanometer
• cobalt chloride 


  peak at 510 nm
• Linearity of detector response 


  travels in straight line
• Fluorescence 


  ability of an object to absorb light at a short wavelength and to transmit it to higher wavelength
• Cobalt chloride photometric accuracy 


  nickel sulfate 510 nm
• baseline stability 


  starting point
• Temperature calibration 


  thermometer
• Absorption cell fiducial line

  cuvette
• Arbitrary 


  no clear basis
• 0 


  arbitrary number
• glucose 


  reducing agent
• jaundice 


  high bilirubin