UCSP MIDTERMS

• Sex


  Based on biological traits (female or male)
• Sex categories

  • Male
  • Female
• Gender


  Based on society (lgbtq)
• Gender roles


  Culturally-assigned tasks and activities to sexes, Social constructs
• Sex-gender system


  Gender and gender roles are associated with one's biological sex. However, the constructs of gender and gender roles are challenged in contemporary and modern societies
• Culture is largely involved in defining gender in society
• Gender is more malleable and changing across societies
• As culture dictates appropriate characteristics for each gender, society propagates these definitions and characteristics
• Society came from Mesopotamia
• Society dictates how you should act based on gender
• Feminism


  Allow contribution of females in society
• LGBTQ


  • Lesbian
  • Gay
  • Bisexual
  • Transgender
  • Queer
• Gender equality


  Pagkakapantay-pantay ng all genders
• Socioeconomic class


  A category that groups people into similar economic, social, cultural, and political status
• The caste system started in India
• Caste system in India

  • Brahmins (priests)
  • Kshatriyas (kings, rulers, warriors)
  • Vaisayas (merchants, craftsmen, landowners, skilled workers)
  • Sudras (farm worker, unskilled workers, servants)
  • Dalits (untouchables - streetsweeper, human/animal waste remover, dead body handlers, outcastes)
• Pre-colonial Philippine social classes

  • Noble (maharlika)
  • Freemen (timawa)
  • Slaves (alipin - sagigilid, namamahay)
• Spanish colonial Philippine social classes

  • Peninsulares (Spanish born living in Philippines)
  • Insulares (parents are both Spanish but the baby is born in the Philippines)
  • Mestiza (half Filipino half Chinese/Spanish)
  • Indio (pure Filipino)
• Socioeconomic classes in Filipino society

  • Upper (10% wealthy industrialists with big corporations and owners of large plantation or haciendas)
  • Middle (20% professionals, skilled and semi-skilled workers in offices, factories, or farms)
  • Lower (70% laborers and unskilled workers)
• Bourgeois


  Owner of the means of production or the monetary, land, and technological capital, do not have to work yet they accumulate wealth
• Proletariat


  Do not own the means of production, must work and sell their labor power in order to survive
• Types of capital

  • Economic
  • Social/Labor
  • Cultural
• Ethnic group


  A specific group of people with similar characteristics and a distinct cultural identity, which distinguish them from other groups in the community or society
• Ethnicity


  The shared culture of these groups, which includes cultural heritage, language or dialect, religion, traditions and rituals, norms, values, beliefs, and other practices
• Race


  A socially constructed category attributed to people with the same biological traits or attributes
• Ethnolinguistic groups


  Ethnic groups with their own language (e.g. Ifugao, Itneg, Kalinga)
• Religion


  A system of beliefs, worldviews, and practices related to humanity and spirituality
• Animism


  The belief that spiritual forces reside in natural elements of the physical world (e.g., trees, oceans, wind)
• Social implications of diverse ethnicities

  • Prejudice
  • Stereotypes
  • Minority groups
• Disability


  A term that refers to the interaction of an individual's health condition with environmental factors that cause difficulties or hindrances in performing activities and interacting with others
• Exceptionality


  A concept that describes how an individual's specific abilities and functioning—physical, intellectual, or behavioral— are different from the established average or typical qualities
• Non-exceptionality


  A concept used to differentiate between those with exceptionalities and those without exceptionalities
• Repercussions of exceptionality

  • Stereotyping
  • Stigmatization
  • Discrimination
• Nationality


  A person's belonging or membership to a specific nation or nation-state
• Acquisition of nationality


  • Jus Sanguinis (Right of Blood)
  • Jus Soli (Right of Soil)
• Naturalization


  The legal process of acquiring citizenship and nationality from a different state
• Society


  A group of individuals held together by enduring relationships in pursuit of common ends
• Culture


  A society's way of life expressed through material and nonmaterial aspects
• Politics


  A set of activities and actions that are used to hold power in a government
• Forms of culture

  • Material culture (set of physical objects made by the members of a society, also known as artifacts)
  • Nonmaterial culture (the intangible aspect of culture, such as ideas)