experimental methods

• A hypothesis is a clear, precise, testable statement, that states the relationship between the variables to be tested and predicts what the researcher expects to happen.
• A directional hypothesis predicts that the IV will have an effect and predicts the direction of the effect.
• A non directional hypothesis does not state the direction of the effect, but states the IV will have an effect on the DV.
• A null hypothesis states that the IV will have no effect on the DV.
• The IV and DV must be operationalized.
• Operationalization is when the variable is defined by the researcher, and a way of measuring it is developed for the research.