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• Technical Term


  A word that has a specific meaning in a particular field of study
• Technical words often have their origins in Greek and Latin words
• Technical Terms


  • Often made up of several components (prefixes and suffixes)
  • Prefixes elaborate, qualify or change the meaning of a word
  • Suffixes cannot be used alone, but when added after a word it completes the word and changes or forms its meaning
• Technical terms often follow common ways of forming words in a discipline, such as singular and plural endings
• Disciplines often have their own ways of classifying content, which helps locate technical terms in a meaningful context
• Research


  A process of investigation or inquiry that requires data collection, analysis, and interpretation using appropriate methodologies
• Types of Research


  • Qualitative Research: Descriptive, data expressed in words, used to understand concepts based on participant thoughts/experiences
  • Quantitative Research: Expressed in numbers and graphs, used to test or confirm theories and assumptions, gathers data through experiments and surveys
• Conceptual Framework


  Shows the relationship of research variables and helps inform the rest of the research design
• Population


  The entire group of people that meets the criteria of the study
• Population Components


  • Subpopulation: A subgroup from the population created based on research
  • Sample: Selected from the population or subpopulation
  • Convenience Sample: Participants that can be studied most easily, cheaply or quickly
• Title Page


  The first page of a research article that includes information to identify the contents
• Abstract


  Summarizes the contents of the research in one paragraph of 300 words or less
• Introduction


  Establishes the scope, context, and significance of the research, including background information, purpose, hypothesis, methodology, and potential outcomes
• Purpose of the Study

  States the aims and objectives of the research
• Significance of the Study

  Discusses the beneficiaries, significance, and contribution of the study to society
• Statement of the Problem

  Identifies the problems or questions the research aims to answer or prove
• Hypothesis


  States what the research may find out, based on existing theories or studies, and is testable
• Types of Hypotheses


  • Null Hypothesis (H0): Predicts no significant change, effect, or relationship between variables
  • Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Predicts significant change, effect, or relationship between variables
• Scope


  Dictates the extent of how deep the research will explore the questions, including specific restrictions like timeframe or population
• Delimitations


  Explain aspects of the variables that will be excluded from the research, describing the boundaries set for the study
• Theoretical Framework


  An understanding of theories and concepts relevant to the research topic and broader areas of knowledge
• Research Methodology


  Guides the details of what data to collect (quantitative or qualitative), how to collect it (sampling design, data collection methods), and how to analyze it (data analysis methods)
• Participants


  The individuals who voluntarily participate in the research
• Research Instrument


  The tools used to collect data in the research
• Data Collection Methods


  • Focus groups and group interviews
  • Interviews (unstructured, semi-structured, structured)
  • Surveys (online or physical)
  • Observations
  • Documents and records
  • Case studies
• Survey is a data collection method comprised of multiple-choice or rating scales. It is more convenient for you to use a survey when you need to gather a huge amount of data because it is easier to score or analyze.
• Questionnaire is an instrument that is made up of a series of questions to information from respondents. Questionnaires can be facilitated online or face-to-face.
• Conclusion


  Where the key findings are summarized and arranged in a manner that answers your research problem. It should clearly answer your research problems based on the findings. You will be explaining if the findings proved the null or alternative hypothesis. Don't forget to use references from existing studies to finish your conclusion stronger.
• Recommendation


  Should discuss the specific measures or directions that can be taken by other researchers to further your study. If there were gaps or limitations set in your study, you may discuss suggestions you will give to other researchers to address the gaps and limitations. You may also provide suggestions for changes in the methodology.
• Reference


  Located at the last page of your research paper which is written in a style format depending on the requirement of an institution. It could be in MLA, APA or Chicago style. It lists all the sources you have.
• Data Analysis is the process of applying statistical procedures to describe and illustrate the data collected. The data gathered are transcribed and analyzed using a statistical procedure depending on the research design to generate support for the hypothesis or research problems.
• Results are the findings from the data that you have collected from your study. The data should be arranged in a logical manner based on the research questions being addressed using graphs, charts, and tables to be easily understood by the readers. Each figure should have a description and a summary of the significant findings below.
• Discussion is where you interpret the results obtained from the analysis of the data. This section should include explanations about how the results relate to the hypotheses and research questions. Discussions should not only focus on what was found but also explain why it happened.
• Conclusion is where the key findings are summarized and arranged in a manner that answers your research problem. It should clearly answer your research problems based on the findings. You will be explaining if the findings proved the null or alternative hypothesis. Don't forget to use references from existing studies to finish your conclusion stronger.
• Recommendation should discuss the specific measures or directions that can be taken by other researchers to further your study. If there were gaps or limitations set in your study, you may discuss suggestions you will give to other researchers to address the gaps and limitations. You may also provide suggestions for changes in the methodology.
• Reference is located at the last page of your research paper which is written in a style format depending on the requirement of an institution. It could be in MLA, APA or Chicago style. It lists all the sources you have such as the survey questionnaires, rating scales, mathematical proofs, and lists of the definition of terms, a detailed description of an apparatus used in the research, etc.
• • Plagiarism means that you are using someone else's work and presenting it as your own. In academic writing such as research papers, it is considered plagiarism if you have directly used ideas or information from a source without indicating or citing the source. It can have severe penalties for researchers even if it was accidentally done. To avoid plagiarism, always remember to keep track of your sources and cite them correctly
• Appendices contain all the supplementary materials used in the researc such as the survey questionnaires, rating scales, mathematical proofs, and lists of the definition of terms, a detailed description of an apparatus used in the research, etc.
• Figures are the tables, charts, and graphs used to present the summary of the raw data so that it will be easier for your reader to understand the findings in the data collected. Take note that the figures to be used should be logical to the data being presented and to effectively communicate your primary findings.
• In-text Citation is used throughout in writing your research paper. It establishes or provides supports to your claims based on the existing studies. An in-text citation is summarized, paraphrased, or quoted information from another source. You must remember that for every in-text citation that you have used in your paper, there must be a corresponding entry in your reference list.