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• The self


  The subject of philosophical questioning and understanding
• Socrates


  • First philosopher to engage in systematic questioning about the self
  • Believed it's important to think about yourself and know who you are
• Plato


  • Student of Socrates
  • Believed human has a dual nature of body and soul
  • Three components of the soul: rational, spirited, appetitive
• Augustine


  • Also known as St. Augustine
  • His perspective heavily influenced by Christian belief
  • Also following the ancient view of Plato
• Thomas Aquinas


  • Believed human is composed of two parts: Matter and Form
  • Matter or "hyle" is the common stuff that makes up everything in the universe
  • Morphe is the essence of a substance or thing
• Descartes


  • Father of Modern Philosophy
  • Believed self has mind and body
  • "Cogito" is the mind, "Extenza" is the extension of the mind, which is the body
  • Famous line "Cogito, ergo sum" means "I think, therefore I am"
  • In Descartes' view, the body is nothing else but a machine attached to the mind
• Hume


  • Believed what we perceive as self is only a bundle of impressions
  • Impressions or Sensation are the things we've experienced
  • Ideas are what we feel
  • There is no self
• Kant


  • Believed that thinking of "self" as a mere combination of impressions was problematic
  • The self is not just what gives one his personality
• Ryle


  • Believes that your mind is the collection of things you do and how you act in this world
  • Who you are is shown through what you do and how you act
  • Our sense of self comes from how we physically experience life and interact with everything around us