Sci 8

• Functions of Digestive System: Ingestion Digestion Absorption Assimilation Excretion
• Ingestion: Intake of food into the body
• Digestion: The process of mechanical and chemical breakdown in which large molecules are broken down into simpler molecules that the body can absorb.
• Absorption: The process in which digested food materials are absorbed by the cells,
• Assimilation: Transport and use of absorbed nutrients by the cells such as the food’s conversion into new protoplasm to provide energy.
• Excretion: Passing of undigested material out of the digestive tract.
• Food tube or Digestive Tract: It is made up of organs that food and liquids travel through when they are swallowed, digested, absorbed, and leave the body as feces.
• The Mouth: This is the organ for the assimilation. Apart from the entrance of food, the presence of teeth, tongue and salivary glands makes it an valuable organ in this system.
• The Esophagus: It is a muscular organ that connects the pharynx to the stomach. The swallowed food is moved down in this muscle through the process called peristalsis.
• The stomach: It is a sack like and the most expandable organ in the food tube. The inner surface is highly folded, allowing it to collapse when empty and expand as food fills it.
• The Small Intestine: It is about 20 feet long and an inch in diameter. The presence of various enzymes in this organ allows the final digestion or transformation of food particles in their simplest form.
• The Small Intestine: The small particles are absorbed in its velvety tissue lining. This tissue are composed of villi, the finger like projections with capillaries and lacteal inside where the nutrients are absorbed
• The large intestine: It is also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates.
• The large intestine: This animation shows how undigested food leaves the digestive tract through the anus. This process is called excretion
• Accessory Organs: The accessory organs in the digestive system are responsible for releasing enzymes that help in the chemical digestion of food.
• Salivary Glands: They are producing saliva containing the enzymes amylase which digests amylose or starch. There are three pairs salivary glands in the mouth. amylose Complex sugar acted by salivary amylase produce salivary amylase Maltose a disaccharide
• The Liver and Gall bladder: This organ recycles the dead blood cells into bile. This substance is stored in the gall bladder. It is used to emulsify or soften fats components of the food before it is finally digested by the enzyme lipase.
• The Pancreas: It releases pancreatic juice
• Carbohydrases- transforms complex carbohydrates into simple sugar or monosaccharide.
• Proteinases- Transforms the complex molecules of proteins into amino acids.
• Lipases- Transforms the complex molecules of fats into fatty acids.
• Constipation: It refers to irregular or infrequent defecation characterized by dry feces or stool. It can be caused by low fiber diet, lack of exercise or prolonged use of certain medical drugs.
• Diarrhea: It is a disorder characterized by frequent watery fecal excretion. This may lead to dehydration and weakened body especially for infants, children and elderly.
• Peptic Ulcer: It refers to the sores that occur in the mucous lining of the stomach or intestines.
• CARBOHYDRATES: They provide you with energy for daily tasks and are the primary fuel source for your brain's high energy demands. Fiber is a special type of carb that helps promote good digestive health and may lower your risk of heart disease and diabetes.
• PROTEINS: Digestion of food ( enzymes) Coordination of organs ( hormones) Builds muscles and tissues Protection against pathogens (immunoglobulins)
• FATS:

  •Storing Energy

  •Insulation and Protection

  •Aiding Absorption
• Vitamin E: An antioxidant that protects cells from damage. Found in nuts, seeds, vegetable oils, whole grains, leafy greens, and avocados.
• Vitamin D: Helps absorb calcium from foods and promotes strong bones. Found in fatty fish like salmon, sardines, and trout; egg yolks; cheese; and fortified milk and cereals.
• VITAMIN A: Promotes healthy skin, vision, immune system function, and bone growth. Found in liver, dairy products, eggs, carrots, spinach, sweet potatoes, broccoli, cantaloupe, apricots, peaches, and mangoes.
• Brain is helping on removing bacteria so magiging watery yung poop
• Heart is a muscle
• Food is squeezed through Peristalsis
• Glucose is a simple sugar
• maltase = double sugar
• Secretin is a kind of hormone
• Insulin helps the body to use glucose as energy or store it as fat
• Gallbladder stores bile
• Pancreas ay nakadikit sa small intestine
• Bile breaks down fats into smaller droplets so they can be absorbed by the small intestine.