denotation and connotation

• Denotation


  The dictionary, literal or direct meaning of the word or phrase
• Connotation


  The secondary, suggested or implied meanings associated with the word beyond its dictionary definition
• Denotation and Connotation


  • Summer (denotation: season or the warmer half of the year, connotation: joy, youth, growth)
  • Home and house (denotation: a shelter that is the usual residence of a person, family, or household, connotation: home - sense of belonging and comfort, house - just a structure)
• Words may have positive or negative connotations that depend upon the social, cultural, and personal experiences of individuals
• Connotation examples

  • "He's such a dog" (connotes shamelessness or ugliness)
  • "That woman is a dove at heart" (connotes peace or gentility)
  • "There's no place like home" (connotes family, comfort, security)
  • "My mom and dad" (connotes loving parents, rather than just biological parents)
• Imagery


  Language that makes a picture in your mind. In poetry, it is a vivid and vibrant form of description that appeals to readers' imagination and senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell)
• Imagery


  Language that makes a picture in your mind. In poetry, it is a vivid and vibrant form of description that appeals to readers' imagination and senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell)
• Types of imagery in poetry

  • Visual
  • Olfactory
  • Auditory
  • Gustatory
  • Tactile
  • Kinesthetic
  • Organic
• Types of imagery in poetry

  • Visual
  • Olfactory
  • Auditory
  • Gustatory
  • Tactile
  • Kinesthetic
  • Organic
• Visual imagery


  • Describing something the speaker or narrator of the poem sees, including colors, brightness, shapes, sizes, and patterns
• Visual imagery


  • Describing something the speaker or narrator of the poem sees, including colors, brightness, shapes, sizes, and patterns
• Olfactory imagery


  • Describing something the speaker of the poem inhales, including pleasant fragrances or off-putting odors
• Olfactory imagery

  • Describing something the speaker of the poem inhales, including pleasant fragrances or off-putting odors
• Auditory imagery


  • Describing sounds, including music and other pleasant sounds, harsh noises, or silence. May also use onomatopoeia
• Gustatory imagery

  • Describing something the speaker or narrator of the poem tastes, including sweetness, sourness, saltiness, savoriness, or spiciness
• Tactile imagery


  • Describing something the speaker of the poem feels on their body, including the feel of temperatures, textures, and other physical sensations
• Auditory imagery


  • Describing sounds, including music and other pleasant sounds, harsh noises, or silence. May also use onomatopoeia
• Gustatory imagery


  • Describing something the speaker or narrator of the poem tastes, including sweetness, sourness, saltiness, savoriness, or spiciness
• Tactile imagery


  • Describing something the speaker of the poem feels on their body, including the feel of temperatures, textures, and other physical sensations
• Kinesthetic imagery


  • Describing the sensation of motion, including speeding along in a vehicle, slow sauntering, or sudden jolts
• Kinesthetic imagery


  • Describing the sensation of motion, including speeding along in a vehicle, slow sauntering, or sudden jolts
• Organic imagery


  • Communicating internal sensations such as fatigue, hunger, and thirst as well as internal emotions such as fear, love, and despair
• Organic imagery


  • Communicating internal sensations such as fatigue, hunger, and thirst as well as internal emotions such as fear, love, and despair
• Imagery brings works to life by appealing to readers' imagination and senses
• Imagery brings works to life by appealing to readers' imagination and senses
• Street food culture is thriving in the Philippines, and Filipinos are creative and experimental in their methods of preparing and serving their street food
• Analyzing text's lexical features

  Use the Imagery-Connotation chart to identify the imagery created by the underlined words and to give their possible meanings
• Filipinos, like other Southeast Asians, are creative and experimental in their methods of preparing and serving their street food
• The imagery in the lines "For the second time in as many days/I come to her and have the same…dish"


  Implies that the speaker in the poem frequents a particular food stall
• Readers are asked to describe their favorite street food in terms of preparation and presentation
• Analyzing text's lexical features

  Use the Imagery-Connotation chart to identify the imagery created by the underlined words and to give their possible meanings
• The imagery in the lines "For the second time in as many days/I come to her and have the same…dish" implies that the speaker in the poem frequents a particular food stall
• Rhyme


  The repetition of similar sounds in two or more words. It can occur at the end of a line (end rhyme) or in the middle of the line (internal rhyme).
• Rhyme Scheme


  The pattern of rhyme form that ends a stanza or a poem. The rhyme scheme is designated by the assignment of a different letter of the alphabet to each new rhyme.
• Repetition in poetry

  • Can refer to the repetition of syllables, sounds, words, or phrases
  • Repetition in sounds, such as rhyming and rhythm, help to create a flow throughout the poem
  • Repetition of words and phrases helps the poet to emphasize an important aspect of the poem
  • Repetition can create a more emotional experience for the reader
• Alliteration


  The repetition of the same consonant sounds at the beginning of words near each other.
• Alliteration


  • "Sleep gently my dear Amira
  • Sleep snugly in your crib
  • Grow gently
  • Into the raging rains
  • Mind not the rushing of my tears"
• Assonance


  The repetition of the same vowel sound in words near each other.
• Assonance


  • "I never meant the words I said,
  • So trouble not your honest head."
• Consonance


  The repetition of the same consonant sounds typically within or at the end of words.